Clinorotation-induced weightlessness influences the cytoskeleton of glial cells in culture
Clinorotation-induced weightlessness influences the cytoskeleton of glial cells in culture
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DOI：
10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02415-0
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发表时间：
2002-05-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Strollo, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uva, BM;Masini, MA;Strollo, F
在太空飞行期间和之后，宇航员会经历神经生理学的变化。为了调查观察到的损伤是否可以追溯到细胞形态学，我们使用随机定位机（回转器）作为微重力模拟方法进行了一项地面研究。研究结果以模拟微重力下 15 分钟、30 分钟、1 小时、20 小时和 32 小时后培养的神经胶质细胞（C 线）中发生的细胞骨架变化为代表。神经胶质细胞是大脑功能的基础，对于整个神经系统的正常健康至关重要。我们的数据显示，在模拟微重力下 30 分钟后，细胞骨架遭到破坏：微丝（F-肌动蛋白）和中间丝（波形蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白 GFAP）高度紊乱，微管（a-微管蛋白）失去了放射状阵列，整体细胞形状恶化，细胞核显示出染色质浓缩和 DNA 片段改变。在模拟微重力 220 小时后，当神经胶质细胞似乎重组其细胞骨架并出现有丝分裂像时，这一特征变得不那么引人注目。该研究采用免疫组织化学法，使用 α-微管蛋白、波形蛋白和 GFAP 抗体以及 F-肌动蛋白 (Phalloidin-TRIC) 的细胞化学标记进行。细胞核用碘化丙啶或 4,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐 (DAPI) 染色。在常规和/或共焦激光扫描显微镜下观察细胞。还在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下观察了样品。我们的数据表明，在失重状态下，单细胞尺度上已经发生了明显的变化。这是否可能导致飞行中观察到的神经生理学问题尚未确定。 (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
During and after spaceflight astronauts experience neurophysiological alterations. To investigate if the impairment observed might be traced back to cytomorphology, we undertook a ground based research using a random positioning machine (clinostat) as a simulation method for microgravity. The outcome of the study was represented by cytoskeletal changes occurring in cultured glial cells (C, line) after 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 20 h and 32 h under simulated microgravity. Glia is fundamental for brain function and it is essential for the normal health of the entire nervous system. Our data showed that after 30 min under simulated microgravity the cytoskeleton was damaged: microfilaments (F-actin) and intermediate filaments (Vimentin, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Proteins GFAP) were highly disorganised, microtubules (a-tubulin) lost their radial array, the overall cellular shape was deteriorated, and the nuclei showed altered chromatin condensations and DNA fragmentation. This feature got less dramatic after 220 h of simulated microgravity when glial cells appeared to reorganise their cytoskeleton and mitotic figures were present. The research was carried out by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to alpha-tubulin, vimentin and GFAP, and cytochemical labelling of F-actin (Phalloidin-TRIC). The nuclei were stained with propidium iodide or 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI). The cells were observed at the conventional and/or the confocal laser scanning microscope. Samples were also observed at the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our data showed that in weightlessness alterations occur already visible at the scale of the single cell; if this may lead to the neurophysiological problems observed in flight is yet to be established. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.