Comparative aspects of studies of amnesia.
Comparative aspects of studies of amnesia.
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健忘症研究的比较方面。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Weiskrantz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Weiskrantz
近年来，在调和关于内侧颞叶-海马结构与实验室动物相比对人类长期记忆的贡献的一些相互矛盾的证据方面取得了重要进展。尽管在临床上可以在患者中看到严重的健忘症状态，但在动物和人类中，对结构的损伤使某些类型的长期记忆任务的学习和保持完好无损。来自人类的证据表明，在健忘症中，那些不依赖于“中介”记忆系统运作的长期记忆形式的完整性得以保留。特别是，存储在语义记忆中的项目可以通过重复来促进，如果不需要中介链接，可以形成简单的关联，但是在记忆依赖于匹配，重新排序和比较的存储益处的任务中，可以看到损伤。动物研究的结果似乎也可能具有类似的特征。对遗忘综合征中记忆任务的不同敏感性的一种解释是，语义记忆系统与中介系统分离的分离综合征。据推测，这种切断是由颞-额通路中断引起的，在健忘症患者的大脑中发现了这些通路的病理学，即乳头体和室管膜下区。
In recent years important advances have been made in reconciling some of the conflicting evidence regarding the contribution of the medial temporal lobe--hippocampal structures to long-term memory in man compared with laboratory animals. Despite the severe amnesic state that is seen clinically in patients, it has nevertheless emerged that both in animals and man damage to the structures leaves learning and retention of certain types of long-term memory tasks intact. The evidence from man suggests that in the amnesic syndrome the integrity is preserved of those forms of long-term memory that do not depend on the operation of a 'mediational' memory system. In particular, items stored in semantic memory can be facilitated by repetition, and simple associations can be formed if no mediating links are required, but impairments are seen in tasks in which memory depends upon the stored benefits of matching, reordering and comparing. A similar characterization seems possible for the results of animal studies. One interpretation of the differential sensitivity of memory tasks in the amnesic syndrome is in terms of a disconnection syndrome which a semantic memory system is detached from a mediational system. The disconnection is postulated to be caused by interruption of those temporal-frontal pathways in which pathology has been found in the brains of amnesic patients, namely the mammillary bodies and the subependymal zone of the thalamus.