The polarization sense in human vision
The polarization sense in human vision
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2010.07.007
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发表时间：
2010-09-24
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Le Floch, Albert;Ropars, Guy;Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan
与人类不同，许多动物对线偏振光的矢量方向的敏感程度不同。然而，早在 1844 年，海丁格就注意到，当通过缓慢旋转的偏光镜观察天空时，会在中央凹中心出现微弱的蓝黄色刷子。人们提出了不同的模型来试图理解这种现象，但精确的机制仍然未知，极化也未被开发。我们认为，当菲涅尔定律应用于非引导倾斜光线时，中央凹中蓝色视锥细胞的圆柱形几何形状及其分布会产生外在二色性，并可以解释为什么人眼对偏振敏感。我们使用相同的定律构建了一个人工眼模型系统，并且能够拍摄类似内视的蓝暗画笔的外观，从而证实了观察结果和我们的数学模拟。此外，我们的体内和体外测试表明，除了使用静态刺激测量的通常 3 s 褪色时间之外，使用动态刺激时，该内视图像还存在约 0.1 s 的短暂额外创建和擦除时间。令人惊讶的是，我们还发现，旋转模式更加规则和对称，我们的两只眼睛中的一只围绕着一个更圆形的蓝色无视锥细胞区域，即主眼。我们的结果表明，偏振感可以在许多有待探索的领域提供重要信息。 (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Unlike humans, numerous animals are differentially sensitive to the vector orientation of linearly polarized light. However as early as 1844 Haidinger noted that weak blue-yellow brushes appear, centered on the fovea, when the sky is observed through a slowly rotating polarizer. Different models have been proposed to try to understand this phenomenon, but the precise mechanism remains unknown and the polarization unexploited. We suggest that when Fresnel's laws are applied to the unguided oblique rays, that the cylindrical geometry of the blue cones in the fovea along with their distribution induces an extrinsic dichroism and could explain why the human eye is sensitive to polarization. We have constructed an artificial eye model system using the same laws and were able to photograph the appearance of entoptic-like blue-dark brushes, confirming the observations and our mathematical simulations. Moreover, our in vivo and in vitro tests show that in addition to the usual 3 s fading time measured using a stationary stimulus, there exists for this entoptic image a short extra creating and erasing time of about 0.1 s, using a dynamical stimulus. We have also found that, surprisingly, the rotating pattern is more regular and symmetrical with one of our two eyes around a more circular blue cone-free area, the dominant eye. Our results suggest that the polarization sense can provide important information in many areas that remain to be explored. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.