Red flowers differ in shades between pollination systems and across continents.
Red flowers differ in shades between pollination systems and across continents.
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红色花朵在授粉系统和各大洲之间的色调有所不同
DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcaa103
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发表时间：
2020-10-06
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Sun H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Z;Niu Y;Liu CQ;Sun H
花色是植物与传粉者相互作用的主要信号。红色花朵和鸟类授粉之间的联系是众所周知的，可以用“蜜蜂回避”和“鸟类吸引”假说来解释。然而，这两个假设的相对重要性很少被大规模研究，即使在颜色感知本身方面。收集了130种不同大陆红色花卉的反射光谱，并确定了它们的传粉系统。光谱进行了分析，使用蜜蜂和（三种类型）鸟类的颜色视觉模型，以估计这些传粉者的颜色感知。分析了授粉系统和各大洲之间的颜色显著性（彩色和非彩色对比度，纯度）和光谱特性的差异。与其他花卉颜色相比，红色的花朵对鸟类来说非常显眼，对蜜蜂来说则不那么显眼。由蜜蜂和鸟类授粉的红花对它们各自的授粉者来说更显眼。与旧大陆的鸟花相比，新大陆的鸟花对蜜蜂来说不那么显眼，不仅对紫色敏感的鸟类，而且对紫外线敏感的鸟类来说可能更显眼。这些差异可以通过次级反射峰（SP）的不同性质来解释。蜜蜂授粉的红花中SP强度高于鸟类授粉的红花（特别是新世界鸟类）。红色花朵从高SP到低SP的过渡可以引起色彩对比度的变化，降低对蜜蜂的吸引力比增强对鸟类的吸引力效果更大。红色花朵的色调在不同的授粉系统之间不同。此外，红色的鸟花在新世界比在旧世界更专业。向颜色特化的进化更可能导致蜜蜂回避的效率高于鸟类吸引
Floral colour is a primary signal in plant–pollinator interactions. The association between red flowers and bird pollination is well known, explained by the ‘bee avoidance’ and ‘bird attraction’ hypotheses. Nevertheless, the relative importance of these two hypotheses has rarely been investigated on a large scale, even in terms of colour perception per se. We collected reflectance spectra for 130 red flower species from different continents and ascertained their pollination systems. The spectra were analysed using colour vision models for bees and (three types of) birds, to estimate colour perception by these pollinators. The differences in colour conspicuousness (chromatic and achromatic contrast, purity) and in spectral properties between pollination systems and across continents were analysed. Compared with other floral colours, red flowers are very conspicuous to birds and much less conspicuous to bees. The red flowers pollinated by bees and by birds are more conspicuous to their respective pollinators. Compared with the bird flowers in the Old World, the New World ones are less conspicuous to bees and may be more conspicuous not only to violet-sensitive but also to ultraviolet-sensitive birds. These differences can be explained by the different properties of the secondary reflectance peak (SP). SP intensity is higher in red flowers pollinated by bees than those pollinated by birds (especially New World bird flowers). A transition from high SP to low SP in red flowers can induce chromatic contrast changes, with a greater effect on reducing attraction to bees than enhancing attraction to birds. Shades of red flowers differ between pollination systems. Moreover, red bird flowers are more specialized in the New World than in the Old World. The evolution towards colour specialization is more likely to result in higher efficiency of bee avoidance than bird attraction