Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: a balance of relationship and rigour
Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: a balance of relationship and rigour
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DOI：
10.1136/fmch-2018-000057
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Vaughn, Lisa M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeJonckheere, Melissa;Vaughn, Lisa M.
半结构化深度访谈是质性研究中常用的方法，也是卫生服务研究中最常见的质性数据来源。这种方法通常包括研究人员和参与者之间的对话，以灵活的访谈协议为指导，并辅以后续问题，探索和评论。该方法允许研究人员收集开放式数据，探索参与者对特定主题的想法，感受和信念，并深入研究个人和有时敏感的问题。这篇文章的目的是确定和描述的基本技能，设计和进行半结构化的采访在家庭医学和初级保健研究设置。我们回顾了半结构化访谈的文献，以确定在家庭医学和初级保健研究环境中使用这种方法的关键技能和组成部分。总的来说，半结构化面试既需要关注关系，也需要练习促进技能。技能包括：（1）确定研究的目的和范围;（2）确定参与者;（3）考虑伦理问题;（4）规划后勤方面;（5）制定访谈指南;（6）建立信任和融洽关系;（7）进行访谈;（8）回忆和反思;（9）分析数据;（10）证明研究的可信度;（11）在论文或报告中提出研究结果。半结构式访谈为家庭医生在基层医疗研究中提供了一种有效可行的研究方法。使用半结构化访谈收集数据的研究人员应该关注关系，并考虑访谈的技巧，以确保质量。半结构化访谈可以成为家庭医生、初级保健提供者和其他卫生服务研究人员用来了解个人思想、信仰和经历的有力工具。尽管半结构化访谈很有用，但对于不熟悉定性方法的研究人员来说，它可能是令人生畏和具有挑战性的。为了阐明这种方法，我们提供了实际的指导研究人员，包括新手研究人员和那些资源很少，使用半结构化访谈作为数据收集策略。我们提供的基本步骤，以遵循最好的实施半结构化的采访在家庭医学和初级保健研究设置的建议。
Semistructured in-depth interviews are commonly used in qualitative research and are the most frequent qualitative data source in health services research. This method typically consists of a dialogue between researcher and participant, guided by a flexible interview protocol and supplemented by follow-up questions, probes and comments. The method allows the researcher to collect open-ended data, to explore participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs about a particular topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues. The purpose of this article was to identify and describe the essential skills to designing and conducting semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research settings. We reviewed the literature on semistructured interviewing to identify key skills and components for using this method in family medicine and primary care research settings. Overall, semistructured interviewing requires both a relational focus and practice in the skills of facilitation. Skills include: (1) determining the purpose and scope of the study; (2) identifying participants; (3) considering ethical issues; (4) planning logistical aspects; (5) developing the interview guide; (6) establishing trust and rapport; (7) conducting the interview; (8) memoing and reflection; (9) analysing the data; (10) demonstrating the trustworthiness of the research; and (11) presenting findings in a paper or report. Semistructured interviews provide an effective and feasible research method for family physicians to conduct in primary care research settings. Researchers using semistructured interviews for data collection should take on a relational focus and consider the skills of interviewing to ensure quality. Semistructured interviewing can be a powerful tool for family physicians, primary care providers and other health services researchers to use to understand the thoughts, beliefs and experiences of individuals. Despite the utility, semistructured interviews can be intimidating and challenging for researchers not familiar with qualitative approaches. In order to elucidate this method, we provide practical guidance for researchers, including novice researchers and those with few resources, to use semistructured interviewing as a data collection strategy. We provide recommendations for the essential steps to follow in order to best implement semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research settings.