Harnessing High-throughput Phenotyping and Genotyping for Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants
Harnessing High-throughput Phenotyping and Genotyping for Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.010
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发表时间：
2020-12-20
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Chaudhary, Juhi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bhat, Javaid Akhter;Deshmukh, Rupesh;Chaudhary, Juhi
由于其复杂的遗传和多基因调控，抗旱品种的选育是植物育种工作者面临的具有挑战性的任务之一。由于遗传物质与环境因素的时空相互作用，评价其耐旱性是一个复杂的过程。传统的育种方法成本高、时间长、效率低，无法达到预期的抗旱性。在这方面，基因组学辅助育种(GAB)提供了以更有效、更快和更经济的方式培育抗旱性提高的品种的前景。GAB的成功取决于标记-性状关联和基因组估计育种价值(GEBV)的精确度，而这主要取决于基因分型和表型鉴定的覆盖率和精确度。许多重要农艺性状的数量性状基因座(QTL)在作物改良中的发现与实际应用之间存在很大差距。这种局限性可能是由于QTL检测的准确性较低，主要是由于标记密度低和人工收集复杂农艺性状的表型所致。使用高通量基因分型(HTG)增加标记密度，使用高通量数字表型(HTP)平台精确和精确地进行表型分析，可以提高QTL检测的精确度和能力。因此，HTG和HTP都能提高GAB的实用价值，并能更快地鉴定种质和育种材料。在本综述中，我们讨论了HTG和HTP的最新创新如何有助于抗旱良种的选育。我们还讨论了HTG和HTP的策略、工具和分析进展，以及它们的优缺点。
Development of drought-tolerant cultivars is one of the challenging tasks for the plant breeders due to its complex inheritance and polygenic regulation. Evaluating genetic material for drought tolerance is a complex process due to its spatiotemporal interactions with environmental factors. The conventional breeding approaches are costly, lengthy, and inefficient to achieve the expected gain in drought tolerance. In this regard, genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) offers promise to develop cultivars with improved drought tolerance in a more efficient, quicker, and cost-effective manner. The success of GAB depends upon the precision in marker-trait association and estimation of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs), which mostly depends on coverage and precision of genotyping and phenotyping. A wide gap between the discovery and practical use of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for crop improvement has been observed for many important agronomical traits. Such a limitation could be due to the low accuracy in QTL detection, mainly resulting from low marker density and manually collected phenotypes of complex agronomic traits. Increasing marker density using the high-throughput genotyping (HTG), and accurate and precise phenotyping using high-throughput digital phenotyping (HTP) platforms can improve the precision and power of QTL detection. Therefore, both HTG and HTP can enhance the practical utility of GAB along with a faster characterization of germplasm and breeding material. In the present review, we discussed how the recent innovations in HTG and HTP would assist in the breeding of improved drought-tolerant varieties. We have also discussed strategies, tools, and analytical advances made on the HTG and HTP along with their pros and cons.