LEARNING AND MEMORY IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA
LEARNING AND MEMORY IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291700038861
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发表时间：
1993-02-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
WEINBERGER, DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GOLDBERG, TE;TORREY, EF;WEINBERGER, DR
对24对精神分裂症或妄想症不一致的单合子(MZ)个体和7对正常的MZ双胞胎的学习和记忆进行了评估。在陈述性记忆任务上，受影响组表现出一种最好的记忆障碍模式，即他们在故事回忆、配对关联学习和设计的视觉回忆上的表现明显逊于不和谐的未受影响组，但他们随着时间的推移学习，相对保持了识别记忆，并且没有表现出深刻的加速遗忘的速度。在受影响的小组中，从词汇中费力地、意志地提取，以语言流利性衡量，也受到了影响。另一方面，在追赶旋翼任务中，受影响组的运动技能程序性学习相对完整。正常组和未受影响组的比较表明，后者在情节记忆的某些方面有非常轻微的损害，即故事的即时回忆和延迟回忆以及设计的延迟回忆。在受影响人群中观察到的损害可以归因于基因组、家庭环境、社会经济环境或教育机会的差异的可能性很小，因为所有这些都是由双胞胎范式控制的。相反，这些损害似乎与疾病的调停有关。神经心理特征与额叶和内侧颞叶功能障碍是一致的，正如本样本和其他精神分裂症独生子女样本所指出的那样。在不和谐的群体中，许多记忆测量与社会和职业功能的全球水平之间也发现了显著的相关性。因此，快速获取新信息和顺利检索旧信息的困难可能会给精神分裂症患者带来日常生活事务的负担。
Learning and memory were assessed in 24 monozygotic (MZ) pairs of individuals discordant for schizophrenia or delusional disorder and seven normal pairs of MZ twins. On declarative memory tasks, the affected group displayed a pattern that might best be characterized as dysmnesic in that they performed significantly worse than the discordant unaffected group on story recall, paired associated learning, and visual recall of designs, but they learned over time, had relatively preserved recognition memory, and did not show profoundly accelerated rates of forgetting. Effortful, volitional retrieval from the lexicon, measured by verbal fluency, was also compromised in the affected group. On the other hand, procedural learning of the motor skill in a pursuit rotor task was relatively intact in the affected group. Comparisons of the normal group and unaffected group indicated that the latter group had very mild impairments in some aspects of episodic memory, namely, immediate and delayed recall of stories and delayed recall of designs. It is highly unlikely that the impairments observed in the affected group can be attributed to differences in genome, family environment, socioeconomic circumstance, or educational opportunity, as all of these were controlled by the twin paradigm. Rather, the impairments appear to be related to the intercession of disease. The neuropsychological profile is consistent with frontal lobe and medial temporal lobe dysfunction, as noted in this sample as well as other samples of schizophrenic singletons. Significant correlations between many measures of memory and global level of social and vocational functioning within the discordant group were also found. Thus difficulties in rapidly acquiring new information and propitiously retrieving old information may burden patients with schizophrenia in man of the transactions of everyday life.