Apnoea of prematurity.
Apnoea of prematurity.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1526-0542(04)90067-x
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Baird, Terry M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, Richard J;Abu-Shaweesh, Jalal M;Baird, Terry M
特发性早产呼吸暂停是一种常见且麻烦的疾病，需要治疗干预以避免需要新生儿重症监护的早产儿的潜在发病率。虽然呼吸暂停的定义不一致，但这种情况的定义最广泛的是呼吸停止持续超过15秒，通常伴有去饱和和心动过缓。短时间的呼吸暂停发作，甚至周期性呼吸，可能伴有心动过缓或低氧血症，在大多数未成熟的早产儿中发病率接近100%。早产儿呼吸暂停的消退是一个非常多变的时间过程，这种事件的持续存在是不确定的病理生理后果。呼吸暂停通常根据上呼吸道阻塞的存在与否分为三类。中枢性呼吸暂停的特征是吸气完全停止，无阻塞迹象。在阻塞性呼吸暂停中，婴儿试图对着阻塞的上呼吸道呼吸，导致整个呼吸暂停过程中没有气流的胸壁运动。混合性呼吸暂停通常由中枢暂停后的呼吸困难组成，可能是最常见的呼吸暂停类型。2,3上呼吸道阻塞的部位主要在咽，但也可能发生在喉部，也可能两个部位都发生。混合性呼吸暂停通常占所有长时间呼吸暂停发作的一半以上，其次是频率下降
Idiopathic apnoea of prematurity is a common and troublesome disorder which requires therapeutic intervention to avoid potential morbidity in premature infants who require neonatal intensive care. Although the definition of apnoea is inconsistent, this condition has been defined most widely as cessation of breathing in excess of 15 seconds duration, typically accompanied by desaturation and bradycardia. Shorter episodes of apnoea, and even periodic breathing, may be accompanied by bradycardia or hypoxemia, with an incidence approaching 100% in the most immature preterm infants. 1 Resolution of apnoea of prematurity runs a very variable time course, and the persistence of such episodes is of uncertain pathophysiologic consequence.Apnoea is traditionally classified into three categories based on the presence or absence of obstruction of the upper airways. Central apnoea is characterised by total cessation of inspiratory efforts with no evidence of obstruction. In obstructed apnoea, the infant tries to breathe against an obstructed upper airway resulting in chest wall motion without airflow throughout the entire apnoea. Mixed apnoea consists of obstructed respiratory efforts usually following central pauses, and is probably the most common type of apnoea. 2, 3 The site of obstruction in the upper airways is mostly in the pharynx, however, it may also occur at the larynx, and possibly both sites. Mixed apnoea typically accounts for more than half of all long apnoeic episodes, followed in decreasing frequency by