Molecular mechanisms for synchronous, asynchronous, and spontaneous neurotransmitter release.
Molecular mechanisms for synchronous, asynchronous, and spontaneous neurotransmitter release.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170338
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
18.2
通讯作者：
Regehr WG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaeser PS;Regehr WG
大多数神经元通讯依赖于神经递质的同步释放，这是通过突触前按钮的动作电位入侵引发的突触囊泡胞吐而发生的。然而，神经递质也会在动作电位后以较长的可变延迟异步释放，或在没有动作电位时自发释放。一项引人注目的研究已经确定了同步释放的作用和机制，但异步释放和自发释放却不太清楚。在这篇综述中，我们分析了三种释放模式如何重叠的机制以及异步和自发释放的分子途径。我们得出的结论是，释放模式具有共同的关键融合过程，但可能在Ca2+触发释放的来源和必要性以及Ca2+释放传感器的身份上有所不同。
Most neuronal communication relies upon the synchronous release of neurotransmitters, which occurs through synaptic vesicle exocytosis triggered by action potential invasion of a presynaptic bouton. However, neurotransmitters are also released asynchronously with a longer, variable delay following an action potential or spontaneously in the absence of action potentials. A compelling body of research has identified roles and mechanisms for synchronous release, but asynchronous release and spontaneous release are less well understood. In this review, we analyze how the mechanisms of the three release modes overlap and what molecular pathways underlie asynchronous and spontaneous release. We conclude that the modes of release have key fusion processes in common but may differ in the source of and necessity for Ca2+ to trigger release and in the identity of the Ca2+ sensor for release.