Dietary fat, genetic predisposition, and obesity: lessons from animal models
Dietary fat, genetic predisposition, and obesity: lessons from animal models
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/67.3.505s
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发表时间：
1998-03-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
York, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
West, DB;York, B
这篇综述的重点是动物研究，研究膳食脂肪在肥胖中的作用。动物实验表明，饮食中来自脂肪的能量百分比与体内脂肪含量呈正相关。除少数例外，猴子、狗、猪、仓鼠、松鼠、大鼠和小鼠的肥胖都是由高脂肪饮食引起的。身体脂肪和膳食脂肪含量之间这种相关性的机制尚不清楚。有人提出，高脂肪饮食会导致食欲亢进，这是导致体内脂肪含量增加的唯一原因。然而，对各种啮齿动物模型的几项研究表明，当防止进食过多时，身体脂肪含量仍然会增加。这表明高脂肪饮食的一些代谢影响（与进食过多无关）也可能导致高脂肪饮食引起的肥胖。动物研究还清楚地表明，遗传因素显着调节身体对高脂肪能量饮食的反应。与动物研究相反，对人类的研究检查了膳食脂肪含量与身体脂肪之间的关系，但尚无结论。横断面研究的局限性、缺乏对照喂养试验以及遗传变异在反应中的重要性解释了缺乏确凿证据的原因。从动物模型中吸取的教训表明，膳食脂肪是人类肥胖病因学中潜在的重要组成部分。需要进行更多的综合研究来确定膳食脂肪在人类肥胖病因学中的作用。
This review focuses on animal studies that examine the role of dietary fat in obesity. It is evident from animal experiments that the percentage of energy derived from fat in the diet is positively correlated with body fat content. With few exceptions, obesity is induced by high-fat diets in monkeys, dogs, pigs, hamsters, squirrels, rats, and mice. The mechanisms responsible for this correlation between body fat and dietary fat content are not clear. It has been proposed that a high-fat diet produces hyperphagia, which is solely responsible for the increased body fat content. However, several studies in various rodent models showed that increased body fat content still results when the hyperphagia is prevented. This suggests that some metabolic effects of high-fat diets, independent of hyperphagia, may alsb be contributing to the obesity induced by high-fat diets. It is also clear from animal studies that genetic factors significantly modulate the body's response to diets high in fat-derived energy. In contrast with the animal studies, studies in humans that have examined the relation between dietary fat content and body fat are inconclusive. The limitations of cross-sectional studies, the lack of controlled feeding trials, and the importance of genetic variation in response explain the absence of conclusive evidence. The lessons learned from animal models point to dietary fat as one potentially important component in the etiology of human obesity. Additional comprehensive studies are warranted to determine the role of dietary fat in the etiology of human obesity.