Stemming the global obesity epidemic: What can we learn from data about social and economic trends?
Stemming the global obesity epidemic: What can we learn from data about social and economic trends?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.puhe.2008.01.004
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Sturm, Roland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sturm, Roland
尽管政策辩论只是缓慢地偏离对个人层面的心理和社会因素的关注，但研究界基本上已经认识到，饮食和体力活动模式的变化是由环境变化和人们面临的激励推动的。有很多因素被认为是导致肥胖流行的原因。将大量孤立的数据点放入一幅连贯的图景中是一项具有挑战性但也是必要的任务，以评估提出的解决方案是否有希望或可能导致死胡同。传统智慧是不可靠的指导，一些普遍持有的信念是错误的。人们能否区分变化中的重要行为和次要行为，并将它们与环境激励因素联系起来？人们在分配他们稀缺的时间和金钱资源以最好地实现他们的目标时面临着取舍，包括健康。研究人们在利用他们的时间和金钱做什么，是理解经济激励如何影响能量摄入和能源支出从而导致体重增加的良好开端。政策将面临的一项具有挑战性的任务将是找到正确的杠杆。经济和公共卫生/医疗观点在政策过程中都发挥着重要作用，但往往以一种不相容的方式处理政策问题。经济学和公共卫生观点可以相辅相成，但利用任何协同效应都需要理解另一种观点。可以说，最有效的社区干预将是多方面的，将包括几只关于饮食和体力活动的山羊。然而，在实践中，似乎更多的努力被投入到促进增加水果/蔬菜消费上，并鼓励个人增加体力活动，而不是环境干预，这将使人们更容易减少能量摄入和久坐娱乐。在政治上，推动加息可能往往比减税更有利，但效果可能要差得多。(C)2008年皇家公共卫生研究所。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Although the policy debate is only slowly moving away from the focus on individual-Level psychological and social factors, the research community has largely recognized that changes in dietary and physical activity patterns are driven by changes in the environment and by the incentives that people face. Many factors have been suggested as causes of the 'obesity epidemic'. Putting a multitude of isolated data points into a coherent picture is a challenging, but necessary, task to assess whether proposed solutions are promising or likely to lead down a blind alley. Conventional wisdom is an unreliable guide and some widely held beliefs are incorrect.Can one distinguish between important and less important behaviourat changes and relate them to environmental incentives? People face trade-offs in allocating their scarce resources of time and money to best achieve their goals, including health. Studying what people are doing with their time and money is a good start towards understanding how economic incentives have attered energy intake and energy expenditure in a way that has led to weight gain.A challenging task for policy wilt be finding the right Levers. Both economic and public health/medical perspectives play an important role in the policy process, but often approach policy questions in an incompatible way. Economics and public health perspectives can complement each other, but harnessing any synergy requires an understanding of the other perspective. Arguably the most effective community intervention would be multi-faceted and would include several goats about diet and physical activity. In practice, however, it appears that much more effort is devoted to promoting increased fruit/vegetable consumption, and exhorting individuals to increase physical activity than to environmental intervention that would make it easier for people to reduce energy intake and sedentary entertainment. Politically, it may often be more expedient to promote an increase than a decrease, but it may be far Less effective. (C) 2008 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.