Manganese neurotoxicity: new perspectives from behavioral, neuroimaging, and neuropathological studies in humans and non-human primates.
Manganese neurotoxicity: new perspectives from behavioral, neuroimaging, and neuropathological studies in humans and non-human primates.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2013.00023
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Guilarte TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guilarte TR
锰（Mn）是人体必需的金属元素，对人体健康具有重要的生理功能。然而，在职业环境或环境来源中暴露于过量的Mn与神经系统综合征相关，包括认知缺陷、神经心理异常和帕金森综合征。从历史上看，锰对人类和实验动物影响的研究一直关注对基底神经节和多巴胺能系统的影响，因为它与运动异常有关。然而，新兴的研究开始提供显着的证据，锰对皮质结构和认知功能的影响比以前认识的水平低。这篇综述提出了新的知识，推定的机制，暴露于过量的锰改变神经生物学系统，并产生神经功能缺损，不仅在基底神经节，但也在大脑皮层。新出现的证据表明，工作记忆受到慢性锰暴露的显着影响，这可能是通过改变与工作记忆网络，包括在纹状体，额叶皮层和顶叶皮层的尾状核脑结构介导的。多巴胺能系统的失调可能在运动异常以及神经精神和认知功能缺陷中起重要作用，这些缺陷已在暴露于Mn的人类和非人灵长类动物中描述。
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal and has important physiological functions for human health. However, exposure to excess levels of Mn in occupational settings or from environmental sources has been associated with a neurological syndrome comprising cognitive deficits, neuropsychological abnormalities and parkinsonism. Historically, studies on the effects of Mn in humans and experimental animals have been concerned with effects on the basal ganglia and the dopaminergic system as it relates to movement abnormalities. However, emerging studies are beginning to provide significant evidence of Mn effects on cortical structures and cognitive function at lower levels than previously recognized. This review advances new knowledge of putative mechanisms by which exposure to excess levels of Mn alters neurobiological systems and produces neurological deficits not only in the basal ganglia but also in the cerebral cortex. The emerging evidence suggests that working memory is significantly affected by chronic Mn exposure and this may be mediated by alterations in brain structures associated with the working memory network including the caudate nucleus in the striatum, frontal cortex and parietal cortex. Dysregulation of the dopaminergic system may play an important role in both the movement abnormalities as well as the neuropsychiatric and cognitive function deficits that have been described in humans and non-human primates exposed to Mn.