Mineralization of steroidal hormones by biosolids in wastewater treatment systems in Tennessee USA
Mineralization of steroidal hormones by biosolids in wastewater treatment systems in Tennessee USA
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DOI：
10.1021/es9914487
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发表时间：
2000-09-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Sayler, GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Layton, AC;Gregory, BW;Sayler, GS
在过去几年中，人们越来越关注雌激素化合物对水道的潜在污染，包括来自人类和动物的类固醇激素。类固醇激素污染的一个潜在来源是通过废水处理系统（WTS）中这些化合物的不完全去除。为了解决这个问题，使用C-14-标记的雌激素和睾酮的实验室矿化试验进行了四个市政处理厂和一个工业系统的生物固体。适应的微生物种群在去除雌激素中的重要性通过与来自工业工厂的生物固体相比，来自市政工厂的生物固体的C-14-17 β-雌二醇的矿化的显著差异（84%对4%）显示。事实上，来自所有市政工厂的生物固体在24小时内将70-80%的添加的C-14-17 β-雌二醇矿化为（CO2）-C-14。通过生物降解和/或细胞物质的生物吸附从水相中去除C-14-17 β-雌二醇大于90%。重组酵母雌激素测定（YES测定）也证实，生物雌激素活性从生物固体样品中去除至低于检测限（1.56 nM）。C-14-睾酮矿化为（CO2）-C-14在所有四个城市的生物固体的量范围从55%到65%，此外，从水相的C-14-睾酮的总去除率为95%。一阶速率常数k的矿化和去除从水相的天然和合成的类固醇激素在生物固体从一个污水处理厂。在这些生物固体中，C-14-17 β-雌二醇和C-14-睾酮迅速矿化为C-14-CO2（k分别为0.0042 +/- 0.0002 min（-1）和0.0152 +/- 0.0021 min（-1）），而合成雌激素C-14-17 α-乙炔基雌二醇的矿化作用则低25-75倍（k = 0.0002 +/- 0.0000 min（-1））。此外，C-14-乙炔基乙炔的矿化在24小时内没有达到完全，只有40%矿化为C-14-CO2。约20%的C-14-乙炔基甜菜碱保留在水相中，并且如通过YES测定所确定的是生物活性的。约15 ℃的温度变化对C-14-17 β-雌二醇从水相中矿化和去除的速率有统计学显著影响，但对C-14-睾酮或C-14-17 α-乙炔基雌二醇没有影响。这些结果表明，该地区市政植物中的生物固体有能力在一定温度范围内去除其影响物中的天然类固醇激素，但在去除合成雌激素17 α-乙炔基雌激素方面可能不太有效。
During the past several years, concern has risen over potential pollution of waterways with estrogenic compounds, including steroidal hormones from human and animal sources. One potential source of steroid hormone contamination is through the incomplete removal of these compounds in wastewater treatment systems (WTS). To address this issue, laboratory mineralization assays using C-14-labeled estrogens and testosterone were performed with biosolids from four municipal treatment plants and one industrial system. The importance of adapted microbial populations in the removal of estrogen was shown by the dramatic differences in mineralization of C-14-17 beta-estradiol by biosolids from a municipal plant compared to that from the industrial plant, 84% versus 4%, respectively. Indeed, biosolids from all of the municipal plants mineralized 70-80% of added C-14-17 beta-estradiol to (CO2)-C-14 in 24 h. Removal of C-14-17 beta-estradiol from the aqueous phase by biodegradation and/or biosorption to cell matter was greater than 90%. A recombinant yeast estrogen assay (YES assay) also confirmed that biological estrogenic activity was removed from the biosolid samples to below the detection limit (1.56 nM). C-14-Testosterone was mineralized to (CO2)-C-14 in all four municipal biosolids in amounts ranging from 55% to 65%; moreover, total removal of C-14-testosterone from the aqueous phase was 95%. First-order rate constants k were obtained for the mineralization and removal from the aqueous phase of natural and a synthetic steroid hormone in biosolids from one WTP. In these biosolids, C-14-17 beta-estradiol and C-14-testosterone were rapidly mineralized to C-14-CO2 (k = 0.0042 +/- 0.0002 min(-1) and 0.0152 +/- 0.0021 min(-1), respectively), whereas the mineralization of the synthetic estrogen C-14-17 alpha-ethinylestradiol was 25-75-fold less (k = 0.0002 +/- 0.0000 min(-1)). In addition, mineralization of C-14-ethinylestradiol did not reach completion in 24 h with only 40% mineralized to C-14-CO2. Approximately 20% of the C-14-ethinylestradiol remained in the aqueous phase and was biologically active as determined by the YES assay. Changes in temperature of approximately 15 degrees C had a statistically significant effect on the rate of mineralization and removal of C-14-17 beta-estradiol from the aqueous phase but not for C-14-testosterone or C-14-17 alpha-ethinylestradiol. These results suggest that biosolids in municipal plants in this region have the capability to remove natural steroid hormones in their influents over a range of temperatures but may be less effective at removing the synthetic estrogen 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol.