Biological monitoring of agricultural workers exposed to pesticides: I. Cholinesterase activity determinations.
Biological monitoring of agricultural workers exposed to pesticides: I. Cholinesterase activity determinations.
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接触农药的农业工人的生物监测：I.胆碱酯酶活性测定。
DOI：
10.1097/00043764-198608000-00018
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Maddy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Coye;J. A. Lowe;K. Maddy
估计有400万至500万人从事农业工作；在这个部门，混合工、装载工、施药工和其他直接处理农业化学品的工人患农药相关疾病的风险最高。在田间工作人员中，从事某些种植和收获作业的季节工也面临接触农药残留的风险。目前，农业工人的生物筛选仅限于农药搅拌器、装载机和施药器，并且几乎完全由测量胆碱酯酶活性来估计有机磷和氨基甲酸酯化合物的抑制作用。我们在此回顾职业暴露人群胆碱酯酶活性的测量和解释，以及胆碱酯酶活性与农业工人急性和慢性疾病症状之间的相关性。唯一强制要求对农业工人进行医疗监测的州是加利福尼亚州：描述了监测标准、基线胆碱酯酶测定、检测周期、离职和重返工作岗位的标准，并讨论了筛查和临床评估的替代方法。
An estimated 4 to 5 million persons work in agriculture; within this sector, mixers, loaders, applicators, and other workers who directly handle agricultural chemicals are at highest risk for pesticide-related illnesses. Among field workers, seasonal workers engaged in certain cultivation and harvesting operations are also at risk of exposure to pesticide residues. Biological screening for agricultural workers is limited at present to pesticide mixers, loaders, and applicators, and consists almost exclusively of measurements of cholinesterase activity to estimate inhibition by organophosphate and carbamate compounds. We review here the measurement and interpretation of cholinesterase activity in occupationally exposed populations and the correlation between cholinesterase activity and symptoms of acute and chronic illness among agricultural workers. The only state to mandate medical surveillance for agricultural workers is California: criteria for surveillance, baseline cholinesterase determination, periodicity of testing, and criteria for removal from and return to work are described, and alternative approaches for screening and clinical evaluations are discussed.