Challenges and successes in the implementation of option B+ to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in southern Swaziland.

Challenges and successes in the implementation of option B+ to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in southern Swaziland.
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DOI:
10.1186/s12889-018-5258-3
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发表时间:
2018-03-20
期刊:
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Teck R
Teck R
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Etoori D;Kerschberger B;Staderini N;Ndlangamandla M;Nhlabatsi B;Jobanputra K;Mthethwa-Hleza S;Parker LA;Sibanda S;Mabhena E;Pasipamire M;Kabore SM;Rusch B;Jamet C;Ciglenecki I;Teck R

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撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数国家正在扩大对所有感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(艾滋病毒)的孕妇/哺乳期妇女的普遍抗逆转录病毒疗法(抗逆转录病毒疗法),称为预防母婴传播艾滋病毒(PMTCT)方案B+(PMTCT B+)。在向PMTCTB+过渡的过程中,许多国家在适当实施艾滋病毒护理级联方面面临挑战。我们的目的是描述在斯威士兰公共卫生部门的PMTCTB+方法的可行性。2013年1月至2014年6月期间,在9家公共部门设施的首次产前保健(ANC 1)访视时,向年龄≥16岁的HIV阳性孕妇队列提供终身抗逆转录病毒治疗。研究入组期分为3个阶段(早期:2013年1月-6月;中期:2013年7月-12月;晚期:2014年1月-6月),以说明时间趋势。采用Kaplan-Meier估计值和考克斯比例风险回归模型进行ART启动和损耗分析。在665例HIV阳性孕妇中,496例(74.6%)开始接受ART治疗。ART治疗开始时间在研究入组后期增加(中期:aHR:1.41;后期:aHR:2.36),在CD 4 ≥ 500时减少(aHR:0.69)。52.9%的患者在24个月时继续接受护理。在妊娠晚期(aHR:2.37),参加二级护理机构(aHR:1.98)和在后期招募阶段(中期aHR:1.48;晚期aHR:1.67)开始ART治疗时,Atemia与ANC 1相关。在373名符合条件的妇女中,67.3%接受了第一次VL。223/251例(88.8%)病毒学抑制(< 1000拷贝/mL)。在670名婴儿中,53.6%接受了EID检测,320/359人记录了检测结果,其中7人(2.2%)为艾滋病毒阳性。PMTCTB+被认为是可行的,在这种情况下,与产妇病毒抑制率高,传播给婴儿低。高治疗损耗,母婴对的后续行动和VL和EID测试的利用率不足是重要的方案挑战。
Universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all pregnant/ breastfeeding women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), known as Prevention of mother-to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Option B+ (PMTCTB+), is being scaled up in most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the transition to PMTCTB+, many countries face challenges with proper implementation of the HIV care cascade. We aimed to describe the feasibility of a PMTCTB+ approach in the public health sector in Swaziland. Lifelong ART was offered to a cohort of HIV+ pregnant women aged ≥16 years at the first antenatal care (ANC1) visit in 9 public sector facilities, between 01/2013 and 06/2014. The study enrolment period was divided into 3 phases (early: 01–06/2013, mid: 07–12/2013 and late: 01–06/2014) to account for temporal trends. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were applied for ART initiation and attrition analyses. Of 665 HIV+ pregnant women, 496 (74.6%) initiated ART. ART initiation increased in later study enrolment phases (mid: aHR: 1.41; later: aHR: 2.36), and decreased at CD4 ≥ 500 (aHR: 0.69). 52.9% were retained in care at 24 months. Attrition was associated with ANC1 in the third trimester (aHR: 2.37), attending a secondary care facility (aHR: 1.98) and ART initiation during later enrolment phases (mid aHR: 1.48; late aHR: 1.67). Of 373 women eligible, 67.3% received a first VL. 223/251 (88.8%) were virologically suppressed (< 1000 copies/mL). Of 670 infants, 53.6% received an EID test, 320/359 had a test result recorded and of whom 7 (2.2%) were HIV+. PMTCTB+ was found to be feasible in this setting, with high rates of maternal viral suppression and low transmission to the infant. High treatment attrition, poor follow-up of mother-baby pairs and under-utilisation of VL and EID testing are important programmatic challenges.
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