Frost flower formation on sea ice and lake ice
Frost flower formation on sea ice and lake ice
复制标题
海冰和湖冰上霜花的形成
DOI：
10.1029/2009gl037304
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
M. Worster
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robert W. Style;M. Worster
霜花是在新形成的海冰上发现的冰晶簇，偶尔在结冰的湖面上发现。它们属于一类与水蒸气有关的现象，包括冻雾、白霜和露水。迄今为止，人们一直认为它们是由过饱和大气或通过多孔海冰吸上来的水凝结而成的。在这里，我们证明它们可以在固体、纯冰升华到不饱和大气中形成。我们得出了一个一般状态图，显示了不同的与蒸汽相关的现象发生的大气条件，并通过一系列实验室实验证实了我们对霜花形成的预测。我们的结果可用于气候模型来预测霜花的发生，霜花会显着提高反照率，并为消耗臭氧层的一氧化溴的化学生产提供底物，并通过将冰芯中的海盐气溶胶的观测与大气条件联系起来，用于古气候重建。
Frost flowers are clusters of ice crystals found on freshly formed sea ice and occasionally on frozen lakes. They belong to a class of vapour‐related phenomena that includes freezing fog, hoar frost and dew. It has hitherto been supposed that they form by condensation from a supersaturated atmosphere or from water wicked up through porous sea ice. Here we show that they can form on solid, pure ice sublimating into an unsaturated atmosphere. We derive a general regime diagram showing the atmospheric conditions under which the different vapour‐related phenomena occur and confirm our predictions of frost‐flower formation with a series of laboratory experiments. Our results can be used in climate models to predict occurrence of frost flowers, which significantly enhance albedo and provide the substrate for chemical production of ozone‐depleting bromine monoxide, and in paleo‐climate reconstructions by relating observations of sea‐salt aerosols in ice cores to atmospheric conditions.