Unique features of animal mitochondrial translation systems

Unique features of animal mitochondrial translation systems
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动物线粒体翻译系统的独特功能

DOI:
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Kimitsuna Watanabe
Kimitsuna Watanabe
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Kimitsuna Watanabe

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在动物线粒体中,有几个密码子是非通用的,它们的含义因物种而异。此外,破译密码子的tRNA结构有时会被不寻常地截短。这些特征似乎与线粒体(mt)基因组的缩短有关,这发生在线粒体的进化过程中。这些细胞器可能起源于好氧真细菌的内共生作用,成为一个祖先的真核生物。这些事件可能带来了动物mt翻译系统的各种特征,如遗传密码变异,异常截短的tRNA和rRNA结构,氨酰-tRNA合成酶、延伸因子和核糖体的单侧tRNA识别机制,以及扩大的蛋白质对RNA缺陷的补偿。在这篇文章中,我们讨论了这些现象的分子机制。最后,我们描述了人类mt疾病是由mt tRNA的修饰缺陷引起的。
In animal mitochondria, several codons are non-universal and their meanings differ depending on the species. In addition, the tRNA structures that decipher codons are sometimes unusually truncated. These features seem to be related to the shortening of mitochondrial (mt) genomes, which occurred during the evolution of mitochondria. These organelles probably originated from the endosymbiosis of an aerobic eubacterium into an ancestral eukaryote. It is plausible that these events brought about the various characteristic features of animal mt translation systems, such as genetic code variations, unusually truncated tRNA and rRNA structures, unilateral tRNA recognition mechanisms by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, elongation factors and ribosomes, and compensation for RNA deficits by enlarged proteins. In this article, we discuss molecular mechanisms for these phenomena. Finally, we describe human mt diseases that are caused by modification defects in mt tRNAs.
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