Calcium signalling and calcium channels: evolution and general principles.
Calcium signalling and calcium channels: evolution and general principles.
复制标题
钙信号传导和钙通道：进化和一般原理。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.013
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Parpura,Vladimir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Verkhratsky,Alexei;Parpura,Vladimir
钙作为二价阳离子在进化早期被选择作为原核生物和真核生物使用的信号分子。它的低胞质浓度可能反映了单细胞生物形成时原始汤/海洋中该离子的初始浓度。随着海洋中钙浓度的增加，处理钙的稳态分子的多样性也随之增加。这包括允许钙进入的质膜通道，以及挤出机制，即交换器和泵。随着细胞内细胞器的进化，特别是内质网和线粒体，它们也包含通道、交换器和泵来处理钙离子的稳态，从而发生了进一步的多样化。钙信号系统基于上述分子实体的协调相互作用，可以通过电压门控通道、神经递质、第二信使和/或机械刺激的打开来激活，因此是生物体生理学和病理生理学中普遍存在的途径。
Calcium as a divalent cation was selected early in evolution as a signaling molecule to be used by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Its low cytosolic concentration likely reflects the initial concentration of this ion in the primordial soup/ocean as unicellular organisms were formed. As the concentration of calcium in the ocean subsequently increased, so did the diversity of homeostatic molecules handling calcium. This includes the plasma membrane channels that allowed the calcium entry, as well as extrusion mechanisms, i.e., exchangers and pumps. Further diversification occurred with the evolution of intracellular organelles, in particular the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which also contain channels, exchanger(s) and pumps to handle the homeostasis of calcium ions. Calcium signalling system, based around coordinated interactions of the above molecular entities, can be activated by the opening of voltage-gated channels, neurotransmitters, second messengers and/or mechanical stimulation, and as such is all-pervading pathway in physiology and pathophysiology of organisms.