Do insects have cognitive maps?
Do insects have cognitive maps?
复制标题
昆虫有认知地图吗？
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.002155
复制
发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
13.9
通讯作者：
R. Menzel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Wehner;R. Menzel
随着认知地图成为行为神经生物学家和实验心理学家的时尚，（哺乳动物参见O 'Keefe & Nadel 1978，Olton 1978，Boesch & Boesch 1983，Sherry 1985，Cheng 1986，Galvel 1989;对于鸟类，参见Balda & Tureck 1984，Sherry 1985，Stevens & Krebs 1986，Krebs等1989），近来甚至昆虫也被声称拥有认知地图（Gould 1986），这并不令人惊讶。然而，这种说法可能是没有根据的，例如，在卡特赖特和科莱特（1987）和戴尔和塞利（1989）中对古尔德论文（1986）的批评，我们已经把它作为目前研究的起点。当然，任何这样的主张都取决于如何在操作术语中定义“认知地图”，最后取决于如何组装地图以及如何使用地图的信息。尽管“认知地图”一词的定义通常相当模糊，并被应用于各种动物的定向，但我们希望在我们以人类导航员的方式使用它时，与该领域的大多数工作者保持一致，特别是与创造了这个术语的托尔曼（Tolman，1948）保持一致。从这个角度来看，认知地图是地形图的心理模拟，即动物环境中明显点之间几何关系的内部表示。在操作术语中，这意味着使用这种地图的动物必须能够计算出两个图表点之间的最短距离，而不必沿着该路线沿着。更一般地说，它必须能够确定自己的位置，比如说，相对于家，或任何其他图表点，
As cognitive maps have come into fashion for behavioral neurobiologists and experimental psychologists (for mammals see O'Keefe & Nadel 1978, Olton 1978, Boesch & Boesch 1983, Sherry 1985, Cheng 1986, Gallistel 1989; for birds see Balda & Tureck 1984, Sherry 1985, Stevens & Krebs 1986, Krebs et al 1989) it is not astounding that recently even insects have been claimed to possess cognitive maps (Gould 1986). However unwarranted this claim might be see e.g. the critical remarks on Gould's paper (1986) in Cartwright & Collett (1987) and Dyer & Seeley (1989) we have taken it as a starting point for the present investigation. Of course, any such claim depends crucially on how a "cognitive map" is defined in operational terms, and finally on information about how the map is assembled and how it is used. Even though the term cognitive map is often defined rather vaguely and applied to various kinds of animal orientation, we hope to be in line with most workers in the field-and especially with Tolman (1948), who coined the term-when we use it in the way a human navigator does. Seen in this light, a cognitive map is the mental analogue of a topographic map, i.e. an internal representation of the geometric relations among noticeable points in the animal's environment. In oper ational terms, this means that an animal using such a map must be able to compute the shortest distance between two charted points without ever having traveled along that route. More generally, it must be able to determine its position, say, relative to home, or to any other charted point,