Mapping of North American methane emissions with high spatial resolution by inversion of SCIAMACHY satellite data
Mapping of North American methane emissions with high spatial resolution by inversion of SCIAMACHY satellite data
复制标题
通过 SCIAMACHY 卫星数据反演以高空间分辨率绘制北美甲烷排放图
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Blake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Wecht;D. Jacob;C. Frankenberg;Zhe Jiang;D. Blake
利用戈达德地球观测系统化学（GEOS‐Chem）化学传输模型及其伴随模型，通过反演大气制图扫描成像吸收光谱仪（SCIAMACHY）卫星观测数据，以高空间分辨率估计北美甲烷排放量。反演的重点是2004年夏天，当数据从洲际化学品运输实验-北美（INTEX-A）的飞机运动在美国东部地区，可用于验证SCIAMACHY检索和评估反演。从INTEX-A数据中，我们识别并纠正了SCIAMACHY数据中的水蒸气依赖性偏差。我们在GEOS‐Chem（1/2° × 2/3°）的水平网格上进行了初始的排放反演，以确定相对于作为先验的全球大气研究排放数据库（埃德加）v4.2排放清单的校正趋势。然后，我们聚类这些网格单元与层次算法，以提取最大的信息从SCIAMACHY观测。一个1000个星团的集合可以被充分地约束，在整个北美提供~100 km的分辨率。结果分析表明，哈德逊湾低地湿地源为2.1 Tg a-1，低于先验，但与其他最近的估计一致。美国的人为排放量为30.1 ± 1.3 Tg a−1，而埃德加v4.2和环境保护署（EPA）的清单分别为25.8 Tg a−1和28.3 Tg a−1。我们发现，美国畜牧业的排放量比这两个清单高出40%。美国石油和天然气的总体排放量没有明显的差异，尽管这可能反映了储存/分配排放量的高估和生产排放量的低估之间的一些补偿。我们发现，美国的牲畜排放量比石油和天然气排放量高70%，而埃德加v4.2和EPA的库存量与这两种来源的排放量相当。
We estimate methane emissions from North America with high spatial resolution by inversion of Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite observations using the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry (GEOS‐Chem) chemical transport model and its adjoint. The inversion focuses on summer 2004 when data from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment‐North America (INTEX‐A) aircraft campaign over the eastern U.S. are available to validate the SCIAMACHY retrievals and evaluate the inversion. From the INTEX‐A data we identify and correct a water vapor‐dependent bias in the SCIAMACHY data. We conduct an initial inversion of emissions on the horizontal grid of GEOS‐Chem (1/2° × 2/3°) to identify correction tendencies relative to the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) v4.2 emission inventory used as a priori. We then cluster these grid cells with a hierarchical algorithm to extract the maximum information from the SCIAMACHY observations. A 1000 cluster ensemble can be adequately constrained, providing ~100 km resolution across North America. Analysis of results indicates that the Hudson Bay Lowland wetlands source is 2.1 Tg a−1, lower than the a priori but consistent with other recent estimates. Anthropogenic U.S. emissions are 30.1 ± 1.3 Tg a−1, compared to 25.8 Tg a−1 and 28.3 Tg a−1 in the EDGAR v4.2 and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inventories, respectively. We find that U.S. livestock emissions are 40% greater than in these two inventories. No such discrepancy is apparent for overall U.S. oil and gas emissions, although this may reflect some compensation between overestimate of emissions from storage/distribution and underestimate from production. We find that U.S. livestock emissions are 70% greater than the oil and gas emissions, in contrast to the EDGAR v4.2 and EPA inventories where these two sources are of comparable magnitude.