Effects of sex change on the implications of marine reserves for fisheries
Effects of sex change on the implications of marine reserves for fisheries
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DOI：
10.1890/11-0036.1
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Mapstone, Bruce D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan, Neil C. S.;Connolly, Sean R.;Mapstone, Bruce D.
海洋保护区已被广泛用于生物多样性养护，并越来越多地被提议作为渔业管理工具。先前的模拟研究发现，保护区可能会增加或减少产量，这取决于当地的环境条件和渔业物种的特定生活史特征。性别改变（雌性变成雄性）鱼是世界上一些最重要的商业和娱乐渔业的目标。这种物种的较大，较老性别的不成比例的去除的可能性需要新的理论，以促进我们的理解，保护区将如何影响周围渔业的产量，相对于不同性别的鱼类。我们通过模拟海洋保护区对非变性和变性种群的影响来研究这个问题。我们使用普通珊瑚鳟鱼的人口统计参数估计值作为基线，并进行了广泛的敏感性分析，以确定变性物种的可持续产量可能如何受到保护区在广泛的生活史参数中的影响。我们的研究结果表明，渔业的性别变化的物种不太可能获得相同的产量提高效益，非性别变化的渔业从海洋保护区享有，而且往往储备往往会减少可持续产量为一个给定的总体人口规模。具体而言，增加的鸡蛋产量和高施肥成功的保护区内的鸡蛋产量和施肥成功的减少，在捕鱼区，相对于一个系统中，捕捞死亡率分布更均匀的整个系统，超过抵消。一个关键的原因似乎是，受精成功率降低，平均而言，当男性是不均匀地分布在亚群中，是在这种情况下，当储备存在。这些研究结果表明，对于变性种群，保护区更适合重建过度捕捞的种群和维持渔业生存能力，而不是提高渔业产量。这些结果是强大的一系列的性别变化制度，股票招聘的关系，成人死亡率，个人的增长策略，受精成功的功能。我们的研究结果强调了在评估海洋保护区对增加鱼类种群的功效时，考虑男性和女性对人口增长和渔业产量的不同贡献的重要性。
Marine reserves have become widely used in biodiversity conservation and are increasingly proposed as fisheries management tools. Previous modeling studies have found that reserves may increase or decrease yields, depending on local environmental conditions and on the specific life-history traits of the fishery species. Sex-changing (female-to-male) fish are targets of some of the most important commercial and recreational fisheries in the world. The potential for disproportionate removal of the larger, older sex of such species requires new theory to facilitate our understanding of how reserves will affect the yields of surrounding fisheries, relative to fishes with separate sexes. We investigated this question by modeling the effects of marine reserves on a non-sex-changing and a sex-changing population. We used demographic parameter estimates for the common coral trout as a baseline, and we conducted extensive sensitivity analyses to determine how sustainable yields of sex-changing species are likely to be affected by reserves across a broad range of life-history parameters. Our findings indicate that fisheries for sex-changing species are unlikely to receive the same yield-enhancing benefit that non-sex-changing fisheries enjoy from marine reserves, and that often reserves tend to reduce sustainable yields for a given overall population size. Specifically, the increased egg production and high fertilization success within reserves is more than offset by the reduced egg production and fertilization success in the fished areas, relative to a system in which fishing mortality is distributed more evenly over the entire system. A key reason for this appears to be that fertilization success is reduced, on average, when males are unevenly distributed among subpopulations, as is the case when reserves are present. These findings suggests that, for sex-changing populations, reserves are more suited to rebuilding overfished populations and sustaining fishery viability, rather than enhancing fishery yields. These results are robust over a range of sex-change regimes, stock-recruitment relationships, adult mortality rates, individual growth strategies, and fertilization-success functions. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the different contributions of males and females to population growth and fishery yields when evaluating the efficacy of marine reserves for enhancement of fished species.