Establishment of coral-algal symbiosis requires attraction and selection.
Establishment of coral-algal symbiosis requires attraction and selection.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0097003
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Koike K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamashita H;Suzuki G;Kai S;Hayashibara T;Koike K
珊瑚礁生态系统基于珊瑚与虫黄藻的共生。在共生开始期间，大多数珊瑚从周围环境中获得自己的虫黄藻（特别是来自甲藻属共生藻）。共生最初建立的机制引起了人们的极大兴趣，并且已经进行了大量的现场和实验室实验来阐明这种建立。然而，目前尚不清楚宿主珊瑚是否选择性或随机地从周围环境中获取共生体。为了解决这个问题，我们首先比较了自然定居的约 2 周大的鹿角珊瑚幼体（新兵）中的共生藻的遗传组成，以及作为潜在共生体来源的邻近海水中的共生藻的遗传组成。然后，我们使用几种类型的共生藻培养菌株和非共生（尚无共生藻细胞）鹿角珊瑚幼虫进行感染测试。我们的实地观察表明，尽管环境种群库中存在丰富的其他共生藻，但新招募的共生藻明显偏爱特定的共生藻基因型（A1 和 D1-4）。实验室实验与现场观察一致：A1 型和 D1-4 型共生藻菌株对鹿角珊瑚幼虫的感染率高于其他基因型菌株，即使以较低的细胞密度提供。随后的吸引测试显示，3 个共生藻菌株被鹿角珊瑚幼虫吸引，其中只有 A1 和 D1-4 菌株被幼虫吸引。另外三种菌株本质上不接近幼虫。这些发现表明珊瑚-共生藻共生的最初建立不是随机的，感染机制似乎包括两个步骤：初始吸引步骤和随后珊瑚的选择性吸收。
Coral reef ecosystems are based on coral–zooxanthellae symbiosis. During the initiation of symbiosis, majority of corals acquire their own zooxanthellae (specifically from the dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium) from surrounding environments. The mechanisms underlying the initial establishment of symbiosis have attracted much interest, and numerous field and laboratory experiments have been conducted to elucidate this establishment. However, it is still unclear whether the host corals selectively or randomly acquire their symbionts from surrounding environments. To address this issue, we initially compared genetic compositions of Symbiodinium within naturally settled about 2-week-old Acropora coral juveniles (recruits) and those in the adjacent seawater as the potential symbiont source. We then performed infection tests using several types of Symbiodinium culture strains and apo-symbiotic (does not have Symbiodinium cells yet) Acropora coral larvae. Our field observations indicated apparent preference toward specific Symbiodinium genotypes (A1 and D1-4) within the recruits, despite a rich abundance of other Symbiodinium in the environmental population pool. Laboratory experiments were in accordance with this field observation: Symbiodinium strains of type A1 and D1-4 showed higher infection rates for Acropora larvae than other genotype strains, even when supplied at lower cell densities. Subsequent attraction tests revealed that three Symbiodinium strains were attracted toward Acropora larvae, and within them, only A1 and D1-4 strains were acquired by the larvae. Another three strains did not intrinsically approach to the larvae. These findings suggest the initial establishment of corals–Symbiodinium symbiosis is not random, and the infection mechanism appeared to comprise two steps: initial attraction step and subsequent selective uptake by the coral.
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