Thermal radiation scanning tunnelling microscopy

Thermal radiation scanning tunnelling microscopy
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DOI:
10.1038/nature05265
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发表时间:
2006-12-07
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Greffet, Jean-Jacques
Greffet, Jean-Jacques
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
De Wilde, Yannick;Formanek, Florian;Greffet, Jean-Jacques

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在标准的近场扫描光学显微镜(NSOM)中,亚波长探针充当光学“听诊器”,以映射由外部照明在样品表面产生的近场(1)。这种技术已经应用于使用可见光(1,2),红外线(3),太赫兹(4)和千兆赫(5,6)辐射照射样品,提供远远超过衍射极限的分辨率。NSOM非常适合研究表面波,如表面等离子体激元(7)或表面声子极化激元(8)。使用具有可见激光照明的孔径NSOM,观察到围栏结构周围的近场干涉图案(9),其特征类似于量子围栏中电子波的扫描隧道显微镜图像(10)。在这里,我们描述了一个红外NSOM,没有任何外部照明操作:它是一个夜视摄像机的近场模拟,利用热红外倏逝场发射的表面,并作为一个光学扫描隧道显微镜(11,12)的行为。因此,我们将这种仪器称为“热辐射扫描隧道显微镜”(TRSTM)。我们展示了热激发表面等离子体激元的第一个TRSTM图像,并证明了近场热发射的空间相干效应。
In standard near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), a subwavelength probe acts as an optical 'stethoscope' to map the near field produced at the sample surface by external illumination(1). This technique has been applied using visible(1,2), infrared(3), terahertz(4) and gigahertz(5,6) radiation to illuminate the sample, providing a resolution well beyond the diffraction limit. NSOM is well suited to study surface waves such as surface plasmons(7) or surface-phonon polaritons(8). Using an aperture NSOM with visible laser illumination, a near-field interference pattern around a corral structure has been observed(9), whose features were similar to the scanning tunnelling microscope image of the electronic waves in a quantum corral(10). Here we describe an infrared NSOM that operates without any external illumination: it is a near-field analogue of a night-vision camera, making use of the thermal infrared evanescent fields emitted by the surface, and behaves as an optical scanning tunnelling microscope(11,12). We therefore term this instrument a 'thermal radiation scanning tunnelling microscope' (TRSTM). We show the first TRSTM images of thermally excited surface plasmons, and demonstrate spatial coherence effects in near-field thermal emission.