Effects of the Change in Working Status on the Health of Older People in Japan.
Effects of the Change in Working Status on the Health of Older People in Japan.
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工作状况变化对日本老年人健康的影响。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0144069
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fujiwara Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Minami U;Nishi M;Fukaya T;Hasebe M;Nonaka K;Koike T;Suzuki H;Murayama Y;Uchida H;Fujiwara Y
根据生产性老龄化的观点，老年工作被认为是保持健康的好方法。然而，目前还没有足够的证据表明退休是好是坏，也没有足够的证据表明退休对65岁及以上老年人的健康有什么样的影响。我们利用日本东京附近的郊区Wako市的最新数据进行了检验。1768名参与者分别在2008年、2010年和2012年三次接受了问卷调查。我们考虑了3个健康指标；自评健康、心理健康（GDS15）和高级功能能力（TMIG-IC）。在横断面分析中，我们将这3个指标按三组进行比较：全职工人、兼职工人和非工人。在纵向分析中，我们将这三个指标分为2008年、2010年、2012年连续工作的被试和2008年工作但在2010年之前退休的被试两组进行比较。我们分别使用单向和双向重复测量ANCOVA进行这些分析。很明显，退休使65岁及以上人群的心理健康和HLFC恶化；尤其是心理健康恶化迅速，HLFC逐渐加重。然而，这些指标在从全职工作转为兼职工作的受试者中并没有恶化。与全职工作相比，辞去兼职工作会逐渐恶化心理健康，而HLFC的恶化程度适中。研究结果支持活动理论，即辞去全职工作的老年人的心理健康和HLFC都会恶化，尽管速度不同。如果他们转而从事兼职工作，这种恶化将是温和的。研究表明，对于日本65岁及以上的老年人来说，工作是一种有效的社会参与方式。
Working at old ages is regarded as a good way to keep one’s health according to the idea of productive aging. However, there is not enough evidence yet whether retirement is good or bad, or the kind of effects it has on the health of older adults aged 65 and over. We examined it by using a recent data of Wako city, a suburb area near Tokyo in Japan. One thousand seven hundred sixty-eight participants answered to 3 waves of survey questionnaires: 2008, 2010, and 2012, successively. We considered 3 indicators of health; self-rated health, mental health (GDS15) and HLFC (Higher-Level Functional Capacity: TMIG-IC). In cross-sectional analysis, we compared these 3 indicators by three groups: full-time worker, part-time worker, and non-worker. In longitudinal analysis, we compared these three indicators by two groups: subjects who successively worked in 2008, 2010, 2012, and subjects who worked in 2008 but retired before 2010. We used one-way and two way repeated measures ANCOVA for these analyses, respectively. It was significantly clear that retirement worsened both mental health and HLFC in people aged 65 years and over; especially, mental health worsened rapidly and HLFC gradually. However, these indicators didn’t worsen in subjects who changed from full-time jobs to part-time jobs. Quitting from part-time jobs deteriorated mental health gradually and HLFC moderately compared to full-time jobs. The results support the activity theory that older adults who quit from full-time jobs deteriorated both mental health and HLFC, though at different speeds. If they make a transit to part-time jobs, the deterioration would be moderate. It shows that working is an effective way of social participation for older people aged 65 years and over in Japan.