Alcohol expenditure in grocery stores and their associations with tobacco and food expenditures
Alcohol expenditure in grocery stores and their associations with tobacco and food expenditures
复制标题
杂货店的酒精支出及其与烟草和食品支出的关联
作者：
L. Uusitalo;M. Erkkola;T. Lintonen;O. Rahkonen;J. Nevalainen
背景饮酒是导致疾病、死亡和社会危害的重要原因，它与吸烟和不健康的饮食密切相关。使用自动登记的零售数据进行研究是一种新颖的方法，不会受到漏报偏见的影响。基于忠诚卡数据（LoCard）获得的一个主要的芬兰零售商持有的市场份额为47%，我们研究了酒精支出及其与食品和烟草expenditures.MethodsThe数据包括1,527,217购物事件在2016年13,274忠诚卡持有人从芬兰南部。一个K-means聚类分析被应用到分组的购物篮，根据其内容的酒精饮料。集群之间的绝对和相对手段的食品和烟草的差异进行了测试，由线性混合模型与忠诚卡保持器作为随机factor.ResultsBy，最常见的篮子类型包含没有酒精饮料，其次是篮子中包含少量的啤酒或苹果酒。食品支出沿着酒精饮料支出的增加。与酒精购买最相关的食物是香肠，软饮料和零食。香烟相对于总篮子价格的支出达到峰值，在中等价格的酒精baskets.ConclusionClustering不健康的选择发生在个人购物事件的水平。购买大量酒精饮料的人并没有削减他们的食物预算。自动登记的购买数据为个人和人群的健康行为提供了有价值的见解。
BackgroundAlcohol consumption is a significant cause of disease, death and social harm, and it clusters with smoking tobacco and an unhealthy diet. Using automatically registered retail data for research purposes is a novel approach, which is not subject to underreporting bias. Based on loyalty card data (LoCard) obtained by a major Finnish retailer holding a market share of 47%, we examined alcohol expenditure and their associations with food and tobacco expenditures.MethodsThe data consisted of 1,527,217 shopping events in 2016 among 13,274 loyalty card holders from southern Finland. A K-means cluster analysis was applied to group the shopping baskets according to their content of alcoholic beverages. The differences in the absolute and relative means of food and tobacco between the clusters were tested by linear mixed models with the loyalty card holder as the random factor.ResultsBy far, the most common basket type contained no alcoholic beverages, followed by baskets containing a small number of beers or ciders. The expenditure on food increased along with the expenditure on alcoholic beverages. The foods most consistently associated with alcohol purchases were sausages, soft drinks and snacks. The expenditure on cigarettes relative to total basket price peaked in the mid-price alcohol baskets.ConclusionClustering of unhealthy choices occurred on the level of individual shopping events. People who bought many alcoholic beverages did not trim their food budget. Automatically registered purchase data provide valuable insight into the health behaviours of individuals and the population.