Development of operational standards for arctic oil and gas operations
Development of operational standards for arctic oil and gas operations
复制标题
制定北极石油和天然气作业的操作标准
DOI：
10.1109/oceans.2014.7003107
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Walsh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Green;P. Steenhof;B. Walsh
近年来，环极地北极许多不同地区的石油和天然气勘探和开发活动不断增加，尤其是阿拉斯加北坡、波弗特海、纽芬兰/拉布拉多近海、巴伦支海以及最近的格陵兰近海。由于北极地区蕴藏着巨大的石油和天然气资源，而且随着可及性的不断提高和技术的进步，人们普遍预计这一活动在未来只会继续增加。与此同时，人们还发现，鉴于北极独特的运行条件，而且目前还没有专门针对这些环境的标准，因此显然需要制定针对北极陆上和近海环境的标准。为了满足这一需求，2012年，国际标准化组织（ISO）石油和天然气海上结构技术委员会下成立了一个分委员会（即TC 67）。具体来说，ISO TC 67/SC8 已被授权制定寒冷气候地区石油和天然气作业的标准，这将有助于确保安全有效的北极石油和天然气作业，同时确保保护环境以及在这些地区工作和生活的人们。共有九个国家参与 ISO/TC 67/SC8，包括加拿大、俄罗斯、挪威、英国、法国、意大利、荷兰、哈萨克斯坦和美国。 ISO TC 67/SC8 下成立了六个不同的工作组，负责制定六个不同领域的标准，包括涉及 1) 北极工作环境，2) 逃生、疏散和救援程序，3) 环境监测，4) 冰管理，5) 材料要求，以及 6) 管理物理环境数据的标准。每个工作组都在制定标准的连续阶段中取得进展，预计这些标准将在 2016 年或 2017 年作为国际标准发布。加拿大专家正在为 ISO TC 67/SC8 下的每个工作组做出贡献，加拿大还领导冰管理工作组。加拿大在受冰影响的水域（包括加拿大东部和格陵兰岛）的冰管理方面拥有丰富的经验。
In recent years oil and gas exploration and development activity has been increasing across many different parts of the circumpolar Arctic, most notably across the Alaskan North Slope, the Beaufort Sea, offshore Newfoundland/Labrador, the Barents Sea, and most recently, offshore Greenland. With Arctic regions containing potentially enormous oil and gas resources and with increasing accessibility and technological improvements, it is widely expected that this activity will only continue to increase in the future. At the same time, it has also been identified that there is a distinct need to develop standards specific to both onshore and offshore Arctic environments given the unique operating conditions in the Arctic and also that no standards specific to these environments yet exist. In order to address this need, in 2012 a subcommittee was established under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee responsible for oil and gas offshore structures (i.e. TC 67). Specifically, ISO TC 67/SC8 has been mandated to develop standards for oil and gas operations in cold climate regions that will help ensure safe and effective Arctic oil and gas operations while also ensuring protection of the environment and the people working and living in these regions. A total of nine countries are participating in ISO/TC 67/SC8, including Canada, Russia, Norway, Great Britain, France, Italy, Netherlands, Kazakhstan, and the United States. Six different working groups have been organized under ISO TC 67/SC8 to develop standards across six distinct areas, including standards dealing with 1) the Arctic working environment, 2) escape, evacuation and rescue procedures, 3) environmental monitoring, 4) ice management, 5) material requirements, and 6) managing physical environmental data. Each working group is progressing through the successive stages of developing the standards, with the standards expected to be published as international standards by 2016 or 2017. Canadian experts are contributing to each working group under ISO TC 67/SC8, with Canada also leading the working group on ice management. Canada has a significant amount of experience with ice management in ice-impacted waters, including off Eastern Canada and Greenland.