Effect of air bags and restraining devices on the pattern of facial fractures in motor vehicle crashes.
Effect of air bags and restraining devices on the pattern of facial fractures in motor vehicle crashes.
复制标题
安全气囊和约束装置对机动车碰撞中面部骨折模式的影响。
DOI：
10.1001/archfaci.5.1.113
复制
发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Cox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Simoni;R. Ostendorf;A. Cox
目的
研究约束装置的使用与机动车碰撞中特定面部骨折发生率之间的关系。
设计
车祸后面部骨折患者的回顾性分析。
设置
亚拉巴马大学伯明翰医院一级创伤中心，1996年至2000年。
患者
在3731例涉及机动车碰撞的患者中，根据国际疾病分类第九修订版（ICD-9）代码，共发现497例患者有面部骨折。面部骨折分为下颌骨、眼眶、颧上颌复合体（ZMC）和鼻部。
结果
与单独使用安全气囊（17%至11%）相比，单独使用安全带（17%至8%）更有效地降低了这一人群的面部骨折几率。同时使用安全带和安全气囊将面部骨折的发生率从17%降低到5%。
结论
在车辆中使用约束装置可以显著降低严重机动车碰撞中导致面部骨折的机会。然而，使用安全气囊和安全带并不能改变面部骨折的模式，除了ZMC骨折。气囊在预防ZMC骨折方面效果最差。可能需要改进约束装置的力学，以尽量减少面部骨折。
OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationship between the use of restraining devices and the incidence of specific facial fractures in motor vehicle crashes.
DESIGN
Retrospective analysis of patients with facial fractures following a motor vehicle crash.
SETTING
University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital level I trauma center from 1996 to 2000.
PATIENTS
Of 3731 patients involved in motor vehicle crashes, a total of 497 patients were found to have facial fractures as determined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. Facial fractures were categorized as mandibular, orbital, zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC), and nasal.
RESULTS
Use of seat belts alone was more effective in decreasing the chance of facial fractures in this population (from 17% to 8%) compared with the use of air bags alone (17% to 11%). The use of seat belts and air bags together decreased the incidence of facial fractures from 17% to 5%.
CONCLUSIONS
Use of restraining devices in vehicles significantly reduces the chance of incurring facial fractures in a severe motor vehicle crash. However, use of air bags and seat belts does not change the pattern of facial fractures greatly except for ZMC fractures. Air bags are least effective in preventing ZMC fractures. Improving the mechanics of restraining devices might be needed to minimize facial fractures.