Wintering bird communities are tracking climate change faster than breeding communities
Wintering bird communities are tracking climate change faster than breeding communities
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.13433
复制
发表时间：
2021-02-15
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
van Turnhout, Chris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lehikoinen, Aleksi;Lindstrom, Ake;van Turnhout, Chris
全球气候变化正在推动物种在非繁殖期和繁殖期向两极和山顶分布，导致自然群落组成的变化。然而，气候驱动的群落转移的季节差异程度尚未在大空间尺度上进行深入研究。我们比较了冬季（非繁殖期）和夏季（繁殖期）群落组成的变化率及其与温度变化的关系。基于欧洲和北美的大陆尺度数据，采用群落温度指数（CTI）方法研究了鸟类群落组成的变化，并与观测到的区域温度变化进行了比较。CTI在冬季的增长速度快于夏季。这种季节差异可能是因为个体在冬季不太忠于地点，与繁殖季节相比，它们更容易根据天气变化而改变越冬地点。在两个季节，群落组成的区域长期变化与区域温度变化呈正相关，但由于冬季群落的年变率较高，该模式仅在夏季显著。群落组成的年际变化与两个季节的年气温变化呈显著正相关。我们的研究结果在各大洲大致一致，表明欧洲和北美鸟类群落存在一些气候驱动的重组。由于群落组成在冬季的变化比繁殖期快得多，因此在研究较少的非繁殖期增加我们对气候驱动影响的认识是很重要的。
Global climate change is driving species' distributions towards the poles and mountain tops during both non-breeding and breeding seasons, leading to changes in the composition of natural communities. However, the degree of season differences in climate-driven community shifts has not been thoroughly investigated at large spatial scales.We compared the rates of change in the community composition during both winter (non-breeding season) and summer (breeding) and their relation to temperature changes.Based on continental-scale data from Europe and North America, we examined changes in bird community composition using the community temperature index (CTI) approach and compared the changes with observed regional temperature changes during 1980-2016.CTI increased faster in winter than in summer. This seasonal discrepancy is probably because individuals are less site-faithful in winter, and can more readily shift their wintering sites in response to weather in comparison to the breeding season. Regional long-term changes in community composition were positively associated with regional temperature changes during both seasons, but the pattern was only significant during summer due to high annual variability in winter communities. Annual changes in community composition were positively associated with the annual temperature changes during both seasons.Our results were broadly consistent across continents, suggesting some climate-driven restructuring in both European and North American avian communities. Because community composition has changed much faster during the winter than during the breeding season, it is important to increase our knowledge about climate-driven impacts during the less-studied non-breeding season.