Creating public value through Open Government: Perspectives, experiences and applications
Creating public value through Open Government: Perspectives, experiences and applications
复制标题
通过开放政府创造公共价值：观点、经验和应用
DOI：
10.3233/ip-150364
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
José Ramón Gil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jing Zhang;G. Cid;José Ramón Gil
技术和政策的变化越来越多地刺激创新的采用，这些创新有望通过更有效的公共服务和计划或更明智的政府决策和政策来创造和传递公共价值。数据的可用性和新战略和技术的有效利用，如大数据、语义网络、社交媒体、数据可视化和分析，再加上政府、行业、非政府组织和公民之间采用开放和协作方法，为提高政府运作的透明度和问责制、促进服务的共同设计、为公民参与创造新的场所、简化运营和降低成本提供了新的机会，从而促进技术创新和经济发展。奥巴马政府的开放政府倡议以及国际上其他国家的类似开放政府倡议也推动了这一发展。自 2009 年以来，美国政府和世界各国政府制定了政策举措，促进公共和私人实体所持有信息的披露[20,21]。通过发布开放政府指令，政府旨在提高政府运作的透明度、公众参与决策以及与多个不同利益相关者的合作[16]。该指令的影响超出了美国范围，并引发了国际社会通过开放政府伙伴关系促进开放政府的努力[10]。然而，开放政府举措总体上遇到了许多困难[22,27]，批评者指出，开放政府过于注重技术解决方案，而不是适应组织实践、政策和文化，缺乏与现有立法和法规的整合，缺乏明确的定义和可衡量的目标，目标存在分歧和模糊性，以及下一届政府的可持续性不确定[25,28]。此外，透明度和国家安全以及经济回报的权衡被批评为没有仔细研究和阐明[4]。同样，在实施开放政府政策几年后，这一领域的研究仍然有限，
More and more, technology and policy changes are stimulating innovative adoptions that promise to create and deliver public values through more effective public services and programs or smarter government decisions and policies. The availability of data and the effective use of new strategies and technologies, such as Big Data, semantic Web, social media, data visualizations and analytics, together with the adoption of open and collaborative approaches among government, industry, NGOs, and citizens provide new opportunities to enhance transparency and accountability of government operations, facilitate the co-design of services, generate new venues for citizen participation, streamline operations, and reduce costs, and consequently, promote technological innovations and economic development. What also have fueled the development are the Open Government Initiatives from the Obama administration, as well as similar open government initiatives of other States internationally. Since 2009, the US government and governments around the world have developed policy initiatives that promote disclosure of information held by both public and private entities [20,21]. Through the release of the Open Government Directive, the administration intended to promote transparency in government operations, participation from the public in decision making, and collaboration with multiple and diverse stakeholders [16]. The impact of the Directive efforts went beyond US and lead to an international effort of promoting open government through The Open Government Partnership [10]. However, open government initiatives overall have encountered many difficulties [22,27], and critics has pointed out that open government has a strong focus on technology solution instead of adapting organizational practices, policy and culture, lack of integration with existing legislation and regulation, lack of clear definition and measurable goals, divergent and ambiguous goals, and uncertain sustainability to the next administration [25,28]. In addition, the tradeoffs of transparency and national security, as well as economic return were criticized to be not carefully studied and articulated [4]. Similarly, after a few years into the implementation of open government policies, research remains limited in this area,