Feed additives with thermophile-fermented compost enhance concentrations of free amino acids in the muscle of the flatfish Paralichthys olivaceus.
Feed additives with thermophile-fermented compost enhance concentrations of free amino acids in the muscle of the flatfish Paralichthys olivaceus.
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DOI：
10.2323/jgam.56.61
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发表时间：
2010-02
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通讯作者：
Ryusuke Tanaka;H. Miyamoto;H. Kodama;Nobuhiro Kawachi;Motoaki Udagawa;H. Miyamoto;T. Matsushita
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作者：
Ryusuke Tanaka;H. Miyamoto;H. Kodama;Nobuhiro Kawachi;Motoaki Udagawa;H. Miyamoto;T. Matsushita
回收利用对保护地球资源很重要。几个世纪以来，全世界都在实践将食物废物回收用于牲畜饲料（Derr等人，1988;韦斯滕多夫等人，1996年，1998年）。一项关于回收自助餐厅食物垃圾的研究集中在回收食物的营养价值上，并确定食物垃圾是否可以用作猪的饲料（韦斯滕多夫等人，1998年）。回收食物垃圾作为鱼类饲料的试验也已在商业基地进行，但对这种回收饲料对鱼类健康维持的影响知之甚少。最近，我们研究了通过具有三个生物反应器的独特补料分批发酵系统从海洋动物资源生产的堆肥的微生物多样性（Niisawa等人，2008年）。海洋动物资源，不可用于人类消费，已被用作堆肥的材料。因此，所产生的堆肥可以被指定为回收材料。堆肥过程是在高温下（约75°C）通过发酵相关的自加热进行的。最终产物含有嗜热菌，并且堆肥中的大多数嗜热菌是芽孢杆菌科（Niisawa et al.，2008年）。这种堆肥过程可能会限制一般病原体的增殖，因此灭菌成本很低。堆肥还含有表达具有抗真菌活性的环状脂肽的细菌菌株，其是热稳定的并且在宽pH范围内也是稳定的。此外，其他研究组发现，从堆肥中分离的嗜热菌表达热稳定的胞外和内切几丁质酶，以产生N-乙酰葡糖胺，聚合物几丁质的单体单元（Sakai等人，1994年，1998年）。这种堆肥产品已经作为有机肥料的材料（Miroku Co.，有限公司和Keiyo Plant Engineering Co.，有限公司，日本）。我们已经研究了口服这种堆肥对生理反应的影响，第56、61页，第65页（2010年）
Recycling is important to preserve the Earth’s resources. Recycling food waste for livestock feed has been practiced throughout the world over the centuries (Derr et al., 1988; Westendorf et al., 1996, 1998). A study on the recycling of cafeteria food waste focused on the nutrient values of the recycled food and determined whether the food waste could be utilized as feed for pigs (Westendorf et al., 1998). Trials of recycling food waste for fi sh feed have also been performed on commercial bases, but little is known about the impact of this kind of recycled feed on the healthy maintenance of fi sh. Recently, we investigated the microbial diversity of compost produced from marine animal resources by a unique fed-batch fermentation system with three bioreactors (Niisawa et al., 2008). Marine animal resources, not available for human consumption, have been used as a material of the compost. Thus the produced compost can be designated as a recycled material. The composting process is carried out at high temperature (around at 75°C) by fermentation-associated self-heating. The fi nal product contains thermophiles, and a majority of thermophiles in the compost is Bacillaceae (Niisawa et al., 2008). This composting process likely limits the proliferation of general pathogens, and the cost for sterilization is therefore low. The compost also contains a bacterial strain expressing a cyclic lipopeptide with antifungal activities, which is heat stable and also stable in a broad pH range. Additionally, other groups found that thermophiles isolated from the compost express thermostable exoand endochitinase to produce N-acetylglucosamine, the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin (Sakai et al., 1994, 1998). This composted product has been marketed as a material for an organic fertilizer (Miroku Co., Ltd. and Keiyo Plant Engineering Co., Ltd., Japan). We have investigated the effects of the oral administration of this compost on the physiological responses J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 56, 61‒65 (2010)