Front-end Electronics for the ALICE Calorimeters
Front-end Electronics for the ALICE Calorimeters
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nima.2009.09.022
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发表时间：
2010-05
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Yaping Wang;Ke Ma;H. Muller;X. Cai;D. Zhou;Z. Yin;T. Awes;Dong Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yaping Wang;Ke Ma;H. Muller;X. Cai;D. Zhou;Z. Yin;T. Awes;Dong Wang
ALICE量热计PHOS和EMCal基于雪崩光电二极管（APD）光电传感器，带有电荷敏感前置放大器（CSP），用于读出测量元件。放大后的信号通过32通道整形器/数字化仪前端电子器件（FEE）读取，有效动态范围为14位。电子学基于二阶整形器，每个通道具有双增益，由ALTRO芯片进行数字化。每个APD通道配备单独的10位APD增益调整，2×2通道群集为相关触发区域单元（TRU）生成100 ns整形模拟和输出（快速OR）。快速OR信号由一阶整形器产生，动态范围为12位，由TRU卡中的ADC提供。FPGA中的板控制器固件通过ALICE DCS系统提供所有参数的本地监控和配置。对于PHOS，在215 MeV处的MIP的信噪比为每通道0.07，在室温下对于80 GeV的动态范围具有30 MeV的噪声水平，并且对于EMCal，在250 GeV的动态范围具有快或RMS噪声水平约为75 MeV。
The ALICE calorimeters PHOS and EMCal are based on Avalanche Photo-Diode (APD) photosensors with Charge Sensitive Preamplifiers (CSP) for readout of the scintillating elements. The amplified signals are read out via 32-channel shaper/digitizer front-end electronics (FEE) with 14-bit effective dynamic range. The electronics is based on second order shapers with dual gain for each channel, getting digitized by ALTRO chips. Each APD channel is equipped with an individual 10-bit APD gain adjustment and 2×2 channel clusters generate a 100ns shaped analog sums output (Fast OR) for the associated Trigger Region Units (TRU). The Fast OR signals are generated by first order shapers with a dynamic range of 12-bit given by the ADC in the TRU cards. Board controller firmware in the FPGA provides local monitoring and configuration of all parameters via the ALICE DCS system. The signal to noise ratio for MIP at 215 MeV is ∼7 per channel with a noise level of 30MeV at room temperature for a dynamic range of 80GeV for PHOS, and the fast-OR RMS noise level is about 75MeV for a dynamic range of 250GeV for EMCal.