Amino acid signalling upstream of mTOR.

Amino acid signalling upstream of mTOR.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrm3522
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发表时间:
2013-03
期刊:
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
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哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)是一种保守的Ser/Thr激酶,是mTOR复合物1(mTORC 1)的一部分,mTOR复合物1是一种将氨基酸可用性与细胞生长和自噬偶联的主调节因子。多种因素调节mTORC 1活性,如生长因子、应激、能量状态和氨基酸。虽然氨基酸是关键的环境刺激,但它们是如何被感知的,以及它们如何激活mTORC 1还没有完全了解。最近,已经出现了一种模型,其中mTORC 1激活发生在溶酶体,并通过涉及RAG GTP酶,Ragulator和液泡H+-ATP酶(v-ATP酶)的氨基酸传感级联介导。
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that is part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), a master regulator that couples amino acid availability to cell growth and autophagy. Multiple cues modulate mTORC1 activity, such as growth factors, stress, energy status and amino acids. Although amino acids are key environmental stimuli, exactly how they are sensed and how they activate mTORC1 is not fully understood. Recently, a model has emerged whereby mTORC1 activation occurs at the lysosome and is mediated through an amino acid sensing cascade involving RAG GTPases, Ragulator and vacuolar H+-ATPase (v-ATPase).
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