SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF GLOBAL SURFACE SOLAR IRRADIANCE
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF GLOBAL SURFACE SOLAR IRRADIANCE
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DOI：
10.1029/91jc01754
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发表时间：
1991-09-15
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
ROSSOW, WB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BISHOP, JKB;ROSSOW, WB
描述了一种利用国际卫星云气候学计划(ISCCP)的数据计算地表太阳辐照度的快速方案。FAST方案的日平均太阳辐照度重现了海洋和陆地上全辐射传输模式计算的详细全球结果，分别在6W m-2和10W m-2以内。特别是，FAST方案再现了地表辐照度与太阳天顶角的相同依赖关系，这对于正确计算每日、季节和纬度变化至关重要。由于缺乏高质量的全球分布的数据集，特别是在海洋上，对这两个模型结果的验证是有限的。然而，用5个月的ISCCP资料(1983年7月至1984年7月)计算的月平均结果与20世纪70年代以来6个温纬海洋气象站的气候学结果相比较，表明与已发表的对各站月平均年际变化的估计一致。对大陆站(北纬43度，西经90度，1986年10-11月；辐照度范围13-170W·m-2)的17天时间序列的进一步检验表明，地面和卫星数据在空间和时间上一致的情况下，每天的精度优于9W·m-2，17天平均值的偏差小于4%。常用的太阳辐照度体积公式也在每一次测试中进行了评估。相比之下，它们都受到了影响，因为它们没有包括平均云光学厚度的全球可变性的影响的参数。利用2003年7月(1983年和1984年)和1月(1984年和1985年)的数据，研究了地表辐照度的时空变异性及其对生物圈过程的潜在影响。结果表明，海洋和陆地经历了根本不同的光制度，大陆接收的辐射明显更大。在夏季，纬向平均辐照度的主要洋际差异出现在北半球，大西洋比太平洋大80W m-2；在南半球，洋际差异很小。区域年际变率(1983年7月与1984年7月)介于+100至-100W·m-2之间。这种变化可能是由于1982-1983年的厄尔尼诺事件，主要发生在太平洋，但扩展到整个北太平洋盆地的热带以外。营养丰富的北部和南部海洋水域几乎总是被云层覆盖；然而，西南大西洋营养丰富地区和环极洋流韦德尔海部分高于平均水平的表面辐照度与生产力之间存在对应关系。这表明，太阳辐照度必须被视为制约这些水域生产力的一个重要因素。
A fast scheme for computing surface solar irradiance using data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) is described. Daily mean solar irradiances from the fast scheme reproduce the detailed global results from full radiative transfer model calculations to within 6 and 10 W m-2 over the ocean and land, respectively. In particular, the fast scheme reproduces the same dependence of surface irradiance on solar zenith angle which is critical for proper calculation of daily, seasonal, and latitudinal variability. Validation of both model results is limited because globally distributed data sets of high quality are lacking, particularly over the oceans. However, comparison of calculated monthly mean results using 5 months of ISCCP data (July 1983 to July 1984) with climatology from the 1970s at six temperate latitude ocean weather stations shows agreement within published estimates of interannual variability of monthly means at the individual stations. A further test against a 17-day time series at a continental site (43-degrees-N, 90-degrees-W, October-November 1986; 13-170 W m-2 range of irradiance), where ground and satellite data were spatially and temporally coincident, showed an accuracy of better than 9 W m-2 on a daily basis and less than 4% bias in the 17-day mean. Frequently used bulk formulae for solar irradiance were also evaluated in each of these tests. All suffered in comparison because they did not include a parameterization of the effects of the global variability in mean cloud optical thickness. Data from July (1983 and 1984) and January (1984 and 1985) were used to examine the spatial and temporal variability of surface irradiance and its potential impact on biospheric processes. Results show that the oceans and land experience fundamentally different light regimes, with continents receiving significantly greater irradiance. In summer, major interocean differences in zonally averaged irradiance are found in the northern hemisphere with the Atlantic greater than Pacific by up to 80 W m-2; in the southern hemisphere, interocean differences are small. Regional interannual variability (July 1983 versus 1984) ranged between +100 and -100 W m-2. The variability, perhaps due to the 1982-1983 El Nino event, occurred mostly in the Pacific but extended beyond the tropics over the entire north Pacific basin. The nutrient-rich northern and southern ocean waters are almost perpetually cloud covered; however, there is a correspondence between higher than average surface irradiance and productivity in nutrient-rich areas of the southwest Atlantic and Weddell Sea sector of the circumpolar current. This suggests that solar irradiance must be considered as an important factor governing the productivity of these waters.