When high-powered people fail - Working memory and "choking under pressure'' in math
When high-powered people fail - Working memory and "choking under pressure'' in math
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00789.x
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Carr, TH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beilock, SL;Carr, TH
我们研究了压力诱导的表现递减，或“压力下窒息”，在数学问题解决和工作记忆容量的个体差异之间的关系。在认知为基础的学术技能，如数学，压力被认为是通过减少可用于技能执行的工作记忆容量来损害表现。结果表明，只有高的个人在工作记忆容量受到损害的性能压力，而且，这些技能递减仅限于数学问题的工作记忆容量的要求最高。这些发现表明，表现压力会消耗工作记忆容量，而工作记忆容量是最有资格取得成功的人取得上级表现所依赖的。
We examined the relation between pressure-induced performance decrements, or "choking under pressure," in mathematical problem solving and individual differences in working memory capacity. In cognitively based academic skills such as math, pressure is thought to harm performance by reducing the working memory capacity available for skill execution. Results demonstrated that only individuals high in working memory capacity were harmed by performance pressure, and, furthermore, these skill decrements were limited to math problems with the highest demands on working memory capacity. These findings suggest that performance pressure harms individuals most qualified to succeed by consuming the working memory capacity that they rely on for their superior performance.