Higher education, career opportunities, and intergenerational inequality
Higher education, career opportunities, and intergenerational inequality
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DOI：
10.1093/oxrep/grw030
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Wyness, Gill
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crawford, Claire;Gregg, Paul;Wyness, Gill
联合王国政府表达了增加社会流动性的愿望，旨在帮助实现这一目标的政策侧重于减少教育程度的不平等。本文汇集了关于高等教育可以使用生命过程方法对社会流动性做出贡献的现有和新信息，考虑了家庭背景在大学入学率和成绩以及毕业后的职业和收入方面的差异。我们发现每个阶段的社会经济差异很大。平均而言，来自贫困背景的年轻人上大学的可能性低于他们的富裕同龄人。即使在那些上过大学的被选中的群体中，他们也不太可能进入最高级别的机构，不太可能毕业，也不太可能获得最高学位。学位成果的这些差异导致了来自贫困家庭的毕业生的平均收入较低，但收入差异远远超出了纯粹由学位获得或就读机构驱动的差异。证据有力地表明，即使考虑到这些因素，富裕家庭的毕业生更有可能获得专业工作，并在劳动力市场上看到更高的收入增长。我们讨论了这些研究结果的影响，高等教育的前景作为一个更大的社会流动性的途径。
The UK government has expressed a desire to increase social mobility, with policies to help achieve this aim focused on reducing inequalities in educational attainment. This paper draws together established and new information about the contribution that higher education can make to social mobility using a life-course approach, considering differences by family background in terms of university attendance and achievement, as well as occupation and earnings following graduation. We find substantial socio-economic differences at each stage. Young people from poorer backgrounds are, on average, less likely to go to university than their richer peers. Even among the selected group who do go to university, they are less likely to attend the highest status institutions, less likely to graduate, and less likely to achieve the highest degree classes. These differences in degree outcomes contribute to the lower average earnings of graduates from poorer families, but earnings differentials go well beyond those driven purely by degree attainment or institution attended. The evidence strongly suggests that, even after taking these factors into account, graduates from affluent families are more likely to obtain a professional job and to see higher earnings growth in the labour market. We discuss the implications of these findings for the prospects of higher education as a route to greater social mobility.