Experimental evaluation of irrigation methods for soil desalinization
Experimental evaluation of irrigation methods for soil desalinization
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10333-014-0417-3
复制
发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Yanyan Dai;M. Senge;Kengo Ito;T. Onishi;K. Yoshiyama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yanyan Dai;M. Senge;Kengo Ito;T. Onishi;K. Yoshiyama
纵观人类历史，土壤盐碱化一直是对全球农业的严重威胁。近年来，随着人类土地利用的加剧，这种现象变得越来越普遍，而开垦是农业生态学面临的主要挑战之一。大水漫灌是一种典型的盐碱地淋洗方法。然而，这种做法需要大量的水，而且很难在整个土层中均匀地去除盐分。在本研究中，进行了四种不同灌溉方法的淋洗效率试验，即：漫灌、喷灌、纸覆盖漫灌和淤灌。在3块不同入渗能力的地块上进行了漫灌。其他3个入渗能力中等的地块分别采用喷灌、覆纸漫灌和积水灌溉。结果表明，大水漫灌的盐分去除效率一般在土壤表层较高，入渗量较小，喷灌、纸覆盖大水漫灌和水坑灌溉的除盐效果优于大水漫灌。覆膜灌溉是降低土壤盐分水平非均质性的唯一淋洗方式，而漫灌和淤灌显著提高了土壤盐分的水平非均质性。研究表明，灌水强度和灌水量对淋洗效率的影响很大，只有在灌水强度较低的情况下，覆膜灌溉才能有效地去除土壤剖面中的盐分。在给定的土壤和水环境条件下，还需要进行进一步的研究，以优化灌溉强度和水量。
Soil salinization has provided a serious threat for global agriculture throughout human history. It is becoming ever more prevalent as human land use intensifies in recent years, and the reclamation is one of major challenges in agroecology. Flood irrigation is a typical method for leaching saline soil. Yet the practice needs a large amount of water, and it is difficult to remove salt uniformly throughout soil layers. In this study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate leaching efficiencies of four different methods, namely: flood irrigation, spray irrigation, paper-covered flood irrigation, and puddling irrigation. Flood irrigation was applied at three plots with different infiltration capacities. Spray irrigation, paper-covered flood irrigation, and puddling irrigation were applied at other three plots with medium infiltration capacities. Results showed that salt removal rates of flood irrigation tended to be higher near the surface of soil with smaller infiltration capacity, and that spray irrigation, paper-covered flood irrigation, and puddling irrigation were more efficient in removing salt than flood irrigation. Paper-covered irrigation was the only leaching method that reduced horizontal heterogeneities in salt content, while flood irrigation and puddling irrigation significantly increased the horizontal heterogeneities. The present study indicated that leaching efficiencies were highly affected by irrigation intensity and also by irrigation water volume only when irrigation intensity was considerably low, and that paper-covered irrigation is an efficient method in removing salt homogeneously from soil profile. Further studies need to be conducted to optimize irrigation intensity and water volume for given soil and water environmental conditions.