New endophytic Toxicocladosporium species from cacti in Brazil, and description of Neocladosporium gen. nov.
New endophytic Toxicocladosporium species from cacti in Brazil, and description of Neocladosporium gen. nov.
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DOI：
10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.01.06
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Crous PW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bezerra JDP;Sandoval-Denis M;Paiva LM;Silva GA;Groenewald JZ;Souza-Motta CM;Crous PW
巴西拥有独特的生态系统卡廷加，属于热带干燥森林生物群落。该区域具有重要的生物多样性，最近从不同的宿主和基质中描述了几种新的真菌物种。在对该森林仙人掌内生真菌多样性的调查中，我们分离了类枝孢真菌，并对其进行了形态学和多基因系统发育分析，包括 actA、ITS、LSU、rpb2 和 tube2 基因序列。基于这些分析，我们鉴定了属于 Toxicocladosporium 属的两个新物种，此处描述为 T. cacti 和 T. immaculatum spp。 11 月，从 Pilosocereus gounellei subsp. 中分离出来。分别是 gounellei 和 Melocactus zehntneri。为了提高毒枝孢属的物种识别和评估物种多样性，我们研究了该属的所有前型菌株，还为其生成了 actA、rpb2 和 tube2 条形码。使用 5 个基因座进行系统发育重建后，我们区分了该属的 13 个物种。 Toxicocladosporium velox 和 T. chlamydosporum 根据其系统发育位置和有限数量的独特核苷酸差异而被视为同义词。先前归属于 T. leucadendri 的六种菌株，包括该物种的前型菌株 (CBS 131317)，被发现属于此处未描述的属，称为 Neocladosporium gen。十一月，与 N. leucadendri 梳子。十一月作为模式种。此外，本研究提出 actA、ITS、rpb2 和 tube2 作为识别 Toxicocladosporium 物种的主要系统发育基因座。
Brazil harbours a unique ecosystem, the Caatinga, which belongs to the tropical dry forest biome. This region has an important diversity of organisms, and recently several new fungal species have been described from different hosts and substrates within it. During a survey of fungal endophyte diversity from cacti in this forest, we isolated cladosporium-like fungi that were subjected to morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses including actA, ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 gene sequences. Based on these analyses we identified two new species belonging to the genus Toxicocladosporium, described here as T. cacti and T. immaculatum spp. nov., isolated from Pilosocereus gounellei subsp. gounellei and Melocactus zehntneri, respectively. To improve the species recognition and assess species diversity in Toxicocladosporium we studied all ex-type strains of the genus, for which actA, rpb2 and tub2 barcodes were also generated. After phylogenetic reconstruction using five loci, we differentiated 13 species in the genus. Toxicocladosporium velox and T. chlamydosporum are synonymized based on their phylogenetic position and limited number of unique nucleotide differences. Six strains previously assigned to T. leucadendri, including the ex-type strain (CBS 131317) of that species, were found to belong to an undescribed genus here named as Neocladosporium gen. nov., with N. leucadendri comb. nov. as type species. Furthermore, this study proposes the actA, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 as main phylogenetic loci to recognise Toxicocladosporium species.