Are we failing to protect threatened mangroves in the Sundarbans world heritage ecosystem?
Are we failing to protect threatened mangroves in the Sundarbans world heritage ecosystem?
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DOI：
10.1038/srep21234
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发表时间：
2016-02-16
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Matthiopoulos J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarker SK;Reeve R;Thompson J;Paul NK;Matthiopoulos J
孙德尔本斯是世界上最大的红树林生态系统，正受到历史和未来人类开发和海平面上升的威胁。对这一世界遗产生态系统中红树林空间生态学的科学知识有限，一直是保护工作的主要障碍。在这里，第一次，我们报告的栖息地适宜性分析和空间密度图的四个最突出的红树林物种- Heritiera fomes，Excoecaria agallocha，Ceriops decandra和Xylocarpus mekongensis。全球濒危物种H.有孔虫丰度随盐度增加而下降。对养分、海拔和干密度的反应因物种而异。H. fomes和X.湄公河偏爱上游栖息地。E. agallocha和C. decandra喜欢下游和中游的栖息地。历史收获对H.福梅斯角decandra和X.湄公鱼丰富。已建立的保护区网络不支持这些受威胁物种的最合适的栖息地。因此，我们建议重新配置网络，以包括这些合适的栖息地，并确保立即保护它们。这些新的栖息地见解和空间预测可以为未来的森林研究和空间保护规划奠定基础，并对更有效地保护孙德尔本斯红树林和依赖它们的许多其他物种产生影响。
The Sundarbans, the largest mangrove ecosystem in the world, is under threat from historical and future human exploitation and sea level rise. Limited scientific knowledge on the spatial ecology of the mangroves in this world heritage ecosystem has been a major impediment to conservation efforts. Here, for the first time, we report on habitat suitability analyses and spatial density maps for the four most prominent mangrove species - Heritiera fomes, Excoecaria agallocha, Ceriops decandra and Xylocarpus mekongensis. Globally endangered H. fomes abundances declined as salinity increased. Responses to nutrients, elevation, and stem density varied between species. H. fomes and X. mekongensis preferred upstream habitats. E. agallocha and C. decandra preferred down-stream and mid-stream habitats. Historical harvesting had negative influences on H. fomes, C. decandra and X. mekongensis abundances. The established protected area network does not support the most suitable habitats of these threatened species. We therefore recommend a reconfiguration of the network to include these suitable habitats and ensure their immediate protection. These novel habitat insights and spatial predictions can form the basis for future forest studies and spatial conservation planning, and have implications for more effective conservation of the Sundarbans mangroves and the many other species that rely on them.