Car following decisions under three visibility conditions and two speeds tested with a driving simulator
Car following decisions under three visibility conditions and two speeds tested with a driving simulator
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2006.06.009
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Scott, Don
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broughton, Kathy L. M.;Switzer, Fred;Scott, Don
美国国家公路交通安全管理局网站报告称，美国每年发生的追尾事故超过150万起，约占所有车辆碰撞事故的23%。汽车跟随行为和司机的决策习惯似乎是理解如何避免这些追尾事故的基础。本研究旨在揭示在能见度降低的情况下控制汽车跟随的因素。它采用了KQ-Vection高保真驾驶模拟器来测量在三种能见度条件下（晴空或两种模拟雾密度中的一种），以13.4米/秒（30英里/小时）或22.4米/秒（50英里/小时）的速度跟随前车的汽车驾驶员的行为。在高速行驶时，大雾将参与者分成两组，一组保持在领先车辆的可见范围内，尽管车头时距时间违反了NHTSA对相关速度的建议；另一组则落后于可见范围之外。将数据与Van Winsum的汽车跟随模型（汽车跟随模型中的人为因素）进行比较。交通研究第F部分，1999年)。对比度和图像尺寸测量允许与标准对比度灵敏度函数进行比较，并允许在Van Winsum模型中估计JND项。(c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration web site reports that rear-end collisions in the United States exceed 1.5 million per year, or approximately 23% of all vehicle crashes. Car following behavior and the decision-making habits of drivers seem fundamental to understanding how to avoid these rear-end crashes. The present research aimed to reveal factors that govern car following under conditions of reduced visibility. It employed a KQ-Vection high-fidelity driving simulator to measure the behavior of automobile drivers following a lead vehicle at 13.4 m/s (30 MPH) or 22.4 m/s (50 MPH) under three visibility conditions-clear or one of two densities of simulated fog. At the higher speed, fog conditions separated participants into a group that stayed within visible range of the lead car, even though the headway time violated the NHTSA recommendations for the speed involved, and another group that lagged beyond the visible range. Data were compared to the model of Van Winsum for car following (The human element in car following models. Transportation Research Part F 2, 1999). Contrast and image size measurements allowed comparison to a standard contrast sensitivity function and allowed estimation of the JND term in the Van Winsum model. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.