Bottlenose dolphins modify behavior to reduce metabolic effect of tag attachment
Bottlenose dolphins modify behavior to reduce metabolic effect of tag attachment
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.108225
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Moore, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
van der Hoop, Julie M.;Fahlman, Andreas;Moore, Michael J.
为研究和监测而在海洋动物身上安装生物遥测或记录设备（“标签”）会增加流线型身体的阻力，从而影响姿势、游泳步态和能量平衡。这些代价从未在自由游泳的鲸类动物中被测量过。为了研究标签拖曳对代谢率、运输成本和游泳行为的影响，（Tursiops truncatus）被训练在一个固定的路线上游泳，无论是无标记（n=7）还是装有标记（DTAG 2; n=12），并且仅在流通式呼吸计中表面，其中氧消耗（（V）对点（O2））和二氧化碳产生（（V）对点（O2））;测定呼吸速率（ml/kg/min），计算呼吸交换率（V/O2）/V/O2）。标签并没有显著影响个体特定质量的耗氧量、身体活动比率（运动（V）对点（O2）/休息（V）对点（O2））、总或净运输成本（COT; J m（-1）kg（-1））或游泳或两分钟恢复阶段的运动成本。然而，当标记时，个体游泳明显较慢（接近11%;平均值+/- s.d.，3.31+/- 0.35 m s（-1）），而非标记时（3.73 +/- 0.41 m s（-1））。结合理论和计算的流体动力学模型估计阻力和游泳过程中的功率消耗表明，阻力负荷和能量消耗减少在较低的游泳速度。在这个实验中，宽吻海豚在特定的游泳任务中减慢到标签不产生阻力或功率增加的程度，同时在使用DTAG 2仪器时，代谢参数没有差异。这些结果和我们的观察表明，动物在面对标签诱导的阻力时会改变其行为以维持代谢输出和能量消耗。
Attaching bio-telemetry or -logging devices ('tags') to marine animals for research and monitoring adds drag to streamlined bodies, thus affecting posture, swimming gaits and energy balance. These costs have never been measured in free-swimming cetaceans. To examine the effect of drag from a tag on metabolic rate, cost of transport and swimming behavior, four captive male dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were trained to swim a set course, either non-tagged (n=7) or fitted with a tag (DTAG2; n=12), and surface exclusively in a flow-through respirometer in which oxygen consumption ((V) over dot(O2)) and carbon dioxide production ((V) over dot(O2); ml kg(-1) min(-1)) rates were measured and respiratory exchange ratio ((V) over dot(O2)/(V) over dot(O2)) was calculated. Tags did not significantly affect individual mass-specific oxygen consumption, physical activity ratios (exercise (V) over dot(O2)/resting (V) over dot(O2)), total or net cost of transport (COT; J m(-1) kg(-1)) or locomotor costs during swimming or two-minute recovery phases. However, individuals swam significantly slower when tagged (by similar to 11%; mean +/- s.d., 3.31 +/- 0.35 m s(-1)) than when non-tagged (3.73 +/- 0.41 m s(-1)). A combined theoretical and computational fluid dynamics model estimating drag forces and power exertion during swimming suggests that drag loading and energy consumption are reduced at lower swimming speeds. Bottlenose dolphins in the specific swimming task in this experiment slowed to the point where the tag yielded no increases in drag or power, while showing no difference in metabolic parameters when instrumented with a DTAG2. These results, and our observations, suggest that animals modify their behavior to maintain metabolic output and energy expenditure when faced with tag-induced drag.