Structure and function in mammalian societies
Structure and function in mammalian societies
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2009.0120
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发表时间：
2009-11-12
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Clutton-Brock, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clutton-Brock, Tim
对动物社会进化的传统解释表明，它们的结构是个体试图在社会和物理环境的限制下最大限度地提高其包容性适应性的结果。相反，最近的一些重新解释认为，社会组织的许多方面应该被解释为群体水平的适应，通过群体或种群之间的选择来维持。在这里，我回顾了我们目前对哺乳动物社会进化的理解，特别是，在社会中，一个占主导地位的女性垄断了每个群体的繁殖，她的后代由其他群体成员抚养的生殖策略的演变。最近的研究表明，在这些物种中的女性的生活史分散的女性往往没有机会建立新的繁殖群体，所以很可能最大限度地提高其包容性的健身帮助相关的优势，以提高他们的后代。在真社会性昆虫中，群体规模的增加会导致对繁殖者和帮手的选择压力的逐步分化，并导致其行为和生活史的专业化。到目前为止，几乎没有必要援引群体水平的适应来解释个体的行为或哺乳动物群体的结构。
Traditional interpretations of the evolution of animal societies have suggested that their structure is a consequence of attempts by individuals to maximize their inclusive fitness within constraints imposed by their social and physical environments. In contrast, some recent re-interpretations have argued that many aspects of social organization should be interpreted as group-level adaptations maintained by selection operating between groups or populations. Here, I review our current understanding of the evolution of mammalian societies, focusing, in particular, on the evolution of reproductive strategies in societies where one dominant female monopolizes reproduction in each group and her offspring are reared by other group members. Recent studies of the life histories of females in these species show that dispersing females often have little chance of establishing new breeding groups and so are likely to maximize their inclusive fitness by helping related dominants to rear their offspring. As in eusocial insects, increasing group size can lead to a progressive divergence in the selection pressures operating on breeders and helpers and to increasing specialization in their behaviour and life histories. As yet, there is little need to invoke group-level adaptations in order to account for the behaviour of individuals or the structure of mammalian groups.