Animal Models to Study Placental Development and Function throughout Normal and Dysfunctional Human Pregnancy.
Animal Models to Study Placental Development and Function throughout Normal and Dysfunctional Human Pregnancy.
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DOI：
10.1055/s-0035-1570031
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Grigsby PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grigsby PL
已知胎盘发育和功能的缺失是许多妊娠病理学的基础，包括自发性早产、胎儿生长受限和先兆子痫。越来越多的证据也强调了胎盘功能障碍对母亲和后代终身健康的重要性。然而，我们对整个妊娠期间胎盘结构和功能的了解仍然有限。如果我们要更好地了解胎盘功能障碍，了解整个妊娠期人类胎盘的时间生长和功能是很重要的。利用新技术和成像技术，可以安全地监测胎盘的生长和体内功能，已成为美国国立儿童健康与人类发展研究所的一个主要重点领域，正如“人类胎盘项目”的建立所证明的那样。人类胎盘项目的许多目标将需要在适当设计的动物模型中进行临床前研究和测试，这些动物模型可以很容易地转化为临床环境。本文将介绍相关动物如豚鼠、绵羊和非人灵长类动物模型的优点和局限性，这些动物模型已被用于研究胎盘在胎儿生长障碍、先兆子痫或其他妊娠期母体疾病中的作用。
Abnormalities of placental development and function are known to underlie many pathologies of pregnancy, including spontaneous preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. A growing body of evidence also underscores the importance of placental dysfunction in the lifelong health of both mother and offspring. However, our knowledge regarding placental structure and function throughout pregnancy remains limited. Understanding the temporal growth and functionality of the human placenta throughout the entirety of gestation is important if we are to gain a better understanding of placental dysfunction. The utilization of new technologies and imaging techniques that could enable safe monitoring of placental growth and function in vivo has become a major focus area for the National Institutes of Child Health & Human Development, as evident by the establishment of the “Human Placenta Project”. Many of the objectives of the Human Placenta Project will necessitate pre-clinical studies and testing in appropriately designed animal models that can be readily translated to the clinical setting. This review will describe the advantages and limitations of relevant animals such as the guinea pig, sheep and non-human primate models that have been used to study the role of the placenta in fetal growth disorders, preeclampsia or other maternal diseases during pregnancy.