Amnesia for traumatic events among recent survivors: a pilot study.
Amnesia for traumatic events among recent survivors: a pilot study.
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最近幸存者对创伤事件的遗忘：一项试点研究。
DOI：
10.1017/s1092852900008865
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Shalev,AriehY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yovell,Yoram;Bannett,Yair;Shalev,AriehY
目的创伤性遗忘症在精神分析文献中有大量记载，但在研究文献中却不一致。方法对六名创伤患者进行前瞻性随访。创伤事件发生后 7 天、30 天和 120 天对幸存者进行了采访。每次访谈都详细记录了他们对创伤当天的回忆。结果在四名没有出现创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的受试者中，我们发现了短暂、稳定和持久的记忆间隙，这与情绪最强烈的时刻相一致。在两名患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的受试者中，我们发现，除了以前形式的健忘症之外，还有更长的、进行性的和不稳定的记忆间隙。讨论神经生物学研究为观察结果提供了两种解释机制：无法获得情景记忆可能是所有受试者中出现的稳定缺陷的原因。这可能与压力引起的海马陈述性记忆系统功能障碍相一致。自发回忆失败可能是在 PTSD 患者中观察到的更长时间的创伤性遗忘的原因。这类似于心理分析对压抑的描述。结论这些初步研究结果表明，短暂的、不可逆转的记忆空白在创伤幸存者中很常见，而在患有创伤后应激障碍的幸存者中则出现较长的、进行性的、可能可逆的遗忘症。
ObjectiveTraumatic amnesia has been amply documented in the psychoanalytic literature but inconsistently in the research literature.MethodSix trauma patients were followed prospectively. Survivors were interviewed 7, 30, and 120 days following the traumatic event. Each interview documented in detail their recollections of the day of their trauma.ResultsIn four subjects who did not develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we found brief, stable, and persiste memory gaps, which coincided with the moment of greatest emotional intensity. In two subjects who developed PTSD, we found, in addition to the previous form of amnesia, longer, progressive, and unstable memory gaps.DiscussionNeurobiological research offers two explanatory mechanisms for the observations: A failure of acquisition of episodic memories may account for the stable deficits seen in all subjects. This could coincide with stress-induced malfunction of the hippocampal declarative memory system. A failure of spontaneous recall may account for the more extended traumatic amnesia that was observed in PTSD patients. This resembles the psychoanalytic description of repression.ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest that brief, irreversible memory gaps are common in trauma survivors, whereas longer, progressive, and potentially reversible amnesia occurs among survivors who develop PTSD.