STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCE INDUCING TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : INDUCTION OF TRANSFORMATION BY A DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID FRACTION ISOLATED FROM PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE III.
STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCE INDUCING TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : INDUCTION OF TRANSFORMATION BY A DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID FRACTION ISOLATED FROM PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE III.
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研究肺炎球菌类型的诱导物质转化的化学性质：通过从III型肺炎球菌分离出的脱氧核糖核酸分数诱导转化。
DOI：
10.1084/jem.79.2.137
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发表时间：
1944-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McCarty M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Avery OT;Macleod CM;McCarty M
1.已从III型肺炎球菌中分离出高度纯化形式的生物活性级分，该级分在适当的培养条件下能够以极微量诱导II型肺炎球菌的未包囊R变体转化为完全包囊化的细胞，所述完全包囊化的细胞与从中回收诱导材料的热灭活微生物的细胞具有相同的特定类型。2.描述了用于分离和纯化活性转化材料的方法。3.通过化学、酶和血清学分析获得的数据以及通过电泳、超离心和紫外光谱进行的初步研究结果表明，在方法限度内，活性组分不含可证实的蛋白质、未结合的脂质或血清学反应性多糖，并且主要（如果不是唯一的话）由高度聚合的粘性形式的脱氧核糖核酸组成。4.有证据表明，化学诱导的细胞结构和功能的改变是可预测的，类型特异性的，并在系列传输。已经提出的各种假设，这些变化的性质进行审查。
1. From Type III pneumococci a biologically active fraction has been isolated in highly purified form which in exceedingly minute amounts is capable under appropriate cultural conditions of inducing the transformation of unencapsulated R variants of Pneumococcus Type II into fully encapsulated cells of the same specific type as that of the heat-killed microorganisms from which the inducing material was recovered. 2. Methods for the isolation and purification of the active transforming material are described. 3. The data obtained by chemical, enzymatic, and serological analyses together with the results of preliminary studies by electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, and ultraviolet spectroscopy indicate that, within the limits of the methods, the active fraction contains no demonstrable protein, unbound lipid, or serologically reactive polysaccharide and consists principally, if not solely, of a highly polymerized, viscous form of desoxyribonucleic acid. 4. Evidence is presented that the chemically induced alterations in cellular structure and function are predictable, type-specific, and transmissible in series. The various hypotheses that have been advanced concerning the nature of these changes are reviewed.