Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen utilization efficiency in response to urea application in rice fields of the Taihu Lake region, China
Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen utilization efficiency in response to urea application in rice fields of the Taihu Lake region, China
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DOI：
10.1016/s1002-0160(07)60076-9
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Luo Jia-Fa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin De-Xi;Fan Xiao-Hui;Luo Jia-Fa
在江苏省常熟市王庄镇的稻田中，研究了施用尿素对水稻氨挥发损失、氮素利用效率和产量的影响。氮肥处理，一式三份施用，为0（对照），100，200，300，或350公斤氮公顷（-1）。采用连续气流封闭法测定了尿素施入稻田后稻田氨挥发的变化。通过氨挥发损失的总氮量一般随施氮量的增加而增加，两个较高的施氮量（300和350 kg N ha（-1））表明通过氨挥发损失的氮占施氮量的比例较高。水稻全生育期氨挥发损失量占施氮量的9.0%~ 16.7%。增加施用量通常会降低种子中的N与植物中的N的比率。各施氮处理的氮肥利用率在30.9%~ 45.9%之间。氮素利用率最高的剩余氮素导致水稻倒伏，氮肥利用率降低，水稻产量降低。根据本试验计算，太湖地区水稻土最经济的施氮量为227 kg/ha。但推荐一个适宜的氮肥施用量，促进植株生长，减少氨损失，可以提高水稻的氮素利用效率。
Ammonia volatilization losses, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and rice yields in response to urea application to a rice field were investigated in Wangzhuang Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China. The N fertilizer treatments, applied in triplicate, were 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, or 350 kg N ha(-1). After urea was applied to the surface water, a continuous airflow enclosure method was used to measure ammonia volatilization in the paddy field. Total N losses through ammonia volatilization generally increased with the N application rate, and the two higher N application rates (300 and 350 kg N ha(-1)) showed a higher ratio of N lost through ammonia volatilization to applied N. Total ammonia loss by ammonia volatilization during the entire rice growth stage ranged from 9.0% to 16.7% of the applied N. Increasing the application rate generally decreased the ratio of N in the seed to N in the plant. For all N treatments, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency ranged from 30.9% to 45.9%. Surplus N with the highest N rate resulted in lodging of rice plants, a decreased rate of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and reduced rice yields. Calculated from this experiment, the most economical N fertilizer application rate was 227 kg ha(-1) for the type of paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region. However, recommending an appropriate N fertilizer application rate such that the plant growth is enhanced and ammonia loss is reduced could improve the N utilization efficiency of rice.