Laser-driven nonlinear cluster dynamics
Laser-driven nonlinear cluster dynamics
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.82.1793
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发表时间：
2010-06-08
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Suraud, E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fennel, Th.;Meiwes-Broer, K-H.;Suraud, E.
纳米级原子和分子簇的激光激发为探索和控制超快多粒子动力学提供了各种机会。虽然弱激光场允许对这些有限量子系统上的光电离、激发态弛豫和结构修改进行分析，但强激光脉冲可以引发大幅集体电子运动和库仑爆炸。这篇综述概述了激光-团簇相互作用产生的关键现象，重点关注非线性光学激发，并根据当前的理解讨论了潜在的过程。一般性调查涵盖了与激光驱动的团簇动力学相关的基本团簇属性和激发机制。然后，在理论和实验方法的探索之后，回顾了单光子和多光子激发的结果，重点是时间和角度分辨光电发射的特征。本综述的一个关键问题是暴露于强场的团簇所产生的广泛现象，其中与激光脉冲的相互作用产生了短命且致密的纳米等离子体。对技术发展（例如离子、电子和辐射脉冲的受控生成）的影响将与相应的示例一起讨论。最后，讨论了激光集群研究的未来前景以及实验和理论挑战。
Laser excitation of nanometer-sized atomic and molecular clusters offers various opportunities to explore and control ultrafast many-particle dynamics. Whereas weak laser fields allow the analysis of photoionization, excited-state relaxation, and structural modifications on these finite quantum systems, large-amplitude collective electron motion and Coulomb explosion can be induced with intense laser pulses. This review provides an overview of key phenomena arising from laser-cluster interactions with focus on nonlinear optical excitations and discusses the underlying processes according to the current understanding. A general survey covers basic cluster properties and excitation mechanisms relevant for laser-driven cluster dynamics. Then, after an excursion in theoretical and experimental methods, results for single-photon and multiphoton excitations are reviewed with emphasis on signatures from time- and angular-resolved photoemission. A key issue of this review is the broad spectrum of phenomena arising from clusters exposed to strong fields, where the interaction with the laser pulse creates short-lived and dense nanoplasmas. The implications for technical developments such as the controlled generation of ion, electron, and radiation pulses will be addressed along with corresponding examples. Finally, future prospects of laser-cluster research as well as experimental and theoretical challenges are discussed.