Diversity of Tetrabothriidae (Eucestoda) among Holarctic Alcidae (Charadriiformes): Resolution of the Tetrabothrius jagerskioeldi Cryptic Species Complex— Cestodes of Alcinae—Provides Insights on the Dynamic Nature of Tapeworm and Marine Bird Faunas under the Stockholm Paradigm
Diversity of Tetrabothriidae (Eucestoda) among
Holarctic Alcidae (Charadriiformes): Resolution of the
Tetrabothrius jagerskioeldi Cryptic Species Complex—
Cestodes of Alcinae—Provides Insights on the Dynamic
Nature of Tapeworm and Marine Bird Faunas under the
Stockholm Paradigm
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Tetrabothriidae (Eucestoda) 的多样性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kaylen Marie Soudachanh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eric Hoberg;Kaylen Marie Soudachanh
我们开始决议Tetrabothrius jagerskioeldi种复杂的描述Tetrabothrius alcae n。sp.基于许多标本，主要是在murres（种Uria），从大北太平洋盆地和Tetrabothrius sinistralis n.白令海中部和西格陵兰的海鸠（Cepphus的一种）中的绦虫。在44种Tetrabothrius中，这些Tetrabothrius的特征包括头节的属性，雄性和雌性器官系统，卵黄腺的结构和尺寸，睾丸的数量，生殖心房的构型，生殖乳头和雄性和雌性心房管，生殖导管相对于孔管调节管的位置，结构，阴道贮精器的尺寸和位置，以及胚柄和六钩蚴的尺寸，以及更广泛的特征。值得注意的是，T。alcae，T. sinistralis，和一个神秘的复合体在过去的世纪仍然没有被认识，因为这些物种是明确区分的多套独特的结构属性相对于T. jagerskioeldi。T. jagerskioeldi复合体仅限于与大陆架相邻的沿着平流和上升流的冷海洋系统，或与群岛（特别是阿留申弧），白令海，楚科奇海，阿拉斯加湾，鄂霍次克海和日本海的孤立岛屿和岩石岬有关。Tetrabothrius alcae、T. jagerskioeldi和T. sinistralis可能出现在同域，但在与海雀（Alcini）和海鸠（Cepphini）相关的动物群中重叠最小。绦虫和持久性的这种动物群的传输，预计将与浮游和浅海系统附近的殖民地网站在关键的猎物物种集中或二次分散下游可预测的平流和上升流过程，并成为觅食鸟类的区域。区系组合代表了气候振荡、变化范围（孤立分解、生态拟合和绦虫勘探模式）以及营养和栖息地重叠所维持的资源可用性变化界面的结果。在这些生态交错区的动态构成的机会和能力之间的联系感染Tetrabothrius物种的鸟类宿主的能力似乎广泛和机会是生态空间和prevatime的限制。绦虫的生活史途径与跨海洋领域和省份的中尺度营养协会和动态有关。通过生态拟合的弹性和连通性强烈建议通过不同的组合的动物，鱼类和头足类动物，这一复杂的动物群的传输和持久性的多营养途径的影响取决于当地，海洋条件和时间的变化。不断变化的条件，特别是由气候振荡驱动的生态扰动，直接决定生产周期和分布的微型和大型浮游动物，饲料鱼类，头足类，在高纬度海洋生态系统的营养结构。不断扩大的加速变化制度强调了实地收集、档案和基线对评估跨时空尺度的生物结果的至关重要性。寄生虫组合揭示了宏观到中观尺度的连通性，作为识别和理解海洋生态系统环境振荡和定向大气和海洋变暖事件的结果的替代物和代理。
We begin resolution of the Tetrabothrius jagerskioeldi–species complex with descriptions of Tetrabothrius alcae n. sp. based on numerous specimens, primarily in murres (species of Uria), from the greater North Pacific basin and Tetrabothrius sinistralis n. sp. based on cestodes in guillemots (species of Cepphus) from the central Bering Sea and West Greenland. These tetrabothriids are characterized, among 44 species of Tetrabothrius in avian hosts, by attributes of the scolex, male and female organ systems, structure and dimensions of the vitelline gland, numbers of testes, configuration of the genital atrium, genital papillae and the male and female atrial canals, position of the genital ducts relative to the poral osmoregulatory canals, structure, dimensions and position of the vaginal seminal receptacle, and dimensions of the embryophore and oncosphere, in addition to a broader array of characters. Remarkably, T. alcae, T. sinistralis, and a cryptic complex had remained unrecognized for the past century, given that these species are unequivocally differentiated by multiple suites of unique structural attributes relative to T. jagerskioeldi. Alcids and cestodes of the T. jagerskioeldi–complex are restricted to cold marine systems of advection and upwelling along coastal margins adjacent to the continental shelf or are associated with archipelagos (especially the Aleutian Arc), isolated islands and rocky headlands of the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Sea of Okhotsk, and Sea of Japan. Tetrabothrius alcae, T. jagerskioeldi, and T. sinistralis may occur in sympatry but with minimal overlap in the faunas associated with murres (Alcini) and guillemots (Cepphini). Transmission for cestodes and persistence of this fauna is expected to be associated with pelagic and neritic systems adjacent to colony sites in zones where critical prey species are concentrated or secondarily dispersed downstream by predictable advective and upwelling processes and become available to foraging birds. Faunal assembly represents the outcomes of oscillating climate, shifting ranges (breakdown in isolation, ecological fitting, and exploration modes for cestodes) and the changing interfaces for resource availability maintained by trophic and habitat overlaps. Dynamics at these ecotones constitute the nexus of opportunity and capacity for infection by species of Tetrabothrius among avian hosts where capacity appears broad and opportunity is ecologically restricted in space and prevatime. Life history pathways for cestodes are tied to trophic associations and dynamics at mesoscales across marine domains and provinces. Resilience and connectivity through ecological fitting strongly suggest the influence of multiple trophic pathways for transmission and persistence of this complex fauna through differing assemblages of zooplankters, fishes, and cephalopods depending on locality, oceanographic conditions, and temporal variability. Changing conditions, especially ecological perturbations driven by climate oscillations, directly determine production cycles and distributions of micro- and macro-zooplankton, forage fishes, cephalopods, and trophic structure in high-latitude marine ecosystems. Expanding regimes of accelerating change emphasize the critical importance of field collections, archives, and baselines to assess biological outcomes across temporal and spatial scales. Parasite assemblages reveal macro- to meso-scale connectivity serving as adjuncts and proxies in recognizing and understanding outcomes for episodes of environmental oscillation and directional atmospheric and oceanic warming in marine ecosystems.