Learning to fear a second-order stimulus following vicarious learning.
Learning to fear a second-order stimulus following vicarious learning.
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在替代学习之后学会害怕二阶刺激。
DOI：
10.1080/02699931.2015.1116978
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Reynolds G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reynolds G
替代性恐惧学习是指通过观察他人的恐惧反应来获得恐惧。本研究的目的是扩展现有的知识，探讨是否二阶替代恐惧学习可以在儿童中得到证明。也就是说，对于一个刺激的间接学习恐惧反应是否可以在与该初始刺激相关的第二个刺激中引起。结果表明，儿童（5-11岁）的有袋动物和毛毛虫的恐惧反应增加时，他们看到了可怕的脸相比，没有脸。此外，研究结果还表明了一种二级效应，即与恐惧配对的动物一起观察的其他动物也会发生与恐惧相关的学习，即使这些动物本身从未被观察到有恐惧的面孔。总的来说，研究结果表明，在这个年龄组的儿童间接学习恐惧相关的反应，一个刺激，随后可以观察到第二个刺激，而不是在一个恐惧相关的替代学习事件的经验。这些发现可能有助于解释为什么有些人不记得在他们对特定刺激的恐惧发展中涉及创伤性学习事件。
Vicarious fear learning refers to the acquisition of fear via observation of the fearful responses of others. The present study aims to extend current knowledge by exploring whether second-order vicarious fear learning can be demonstrated in children. That is, whether vicariously learnt fear responses for one stimulus can be elicited in a second stimulus associated with that initial stimulus. Results demonstrated that children's (5–11 years) fear responses for marsupials and caterpillars increased when they were seen with fearful faces compared to no faces. Additionally, the results indicated a second-order effect in which fear-related learning occurred for other animals seen together with the fear-paired animal, even though the animals were never observed with fearful faces themselves. Overall, the findings indicate that for children in this age group vicariously learnt fear-related responses for one stimulus can subsequently be observed for a second stimulus without it being experienced in a fear-related vicarious learning event. These findings may help to explain why some individuals do not recall involvement of a traumatic learning episode in the development of their fear of a specific stimulus.