Evolution of complex flowering strategies: an age- and size-structured integral projection model
Evolution of complex flowering strategies: an age- and size-structured integral projection model
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2003.2399
复制
发表时间：
2003-09-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Ellner, SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Childs, DZ;Rees, M;Ellner, SP
我们通过扩展最近开发的积分预测方法，将取决于大小和年龄的人口统计率纳入其中，探索了一次结实多年生Carlina vulgaris中延迟的年龄和大小依赖性开花的演变。参数化模型在人口规模和每个年龄组内的大小分布方面都具有良好的描述性。在卡丽娜开花的概率取决于植物的大小和年龄。我们使用参数化模型来预测这种关系，使用进化稳定策略（ESS）的方法。尽管准确地预测开花个体的平均大小，该模型预测开花的概率和植物大小之间的阶跃函数关系，其中没有年龄成分。当开花阈值分布的方差被约束到观测值，ESS开花函数包含一个年龄分量，但低估的平均开花大小。一个解析近似是用来探索的ESS预测开花策略的变化的效果。弹性分析是用来划分特定年龄的贡献的有限增长率（λ）的生存增长和繁殖力的组件的模型。我们计算的自适应景观，定义的ESS和生成一个健身景观的存在下，所观察到的开花策略的入侵表型。这些结果的遗传多样性的开花策略和测试进化模型的模式的影响进行了讨论。证明了一般的尺寸和年龄相关的积分投影模型中存在一个主导特征值及其相关的特征向量的结果。
We explore the evolution of delayed age- and size-dependent flowering in the monocarpic perennial Carlina vulgaris, by extending the recently developed integral projection approach to include demographic rates that depend on size and age. The parameterized model has excellent descriptive properties both in terms of the population size and in terms of the distributions of sizes within each age class. In Carlina the probability of flowering depends on both plant size and age. We use the parameterized model to predict this relationship, using the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) approach. Despite accurately predicting the mean size of flowering individuals, the model predicts a step-function relationship between the probability of flowering and plant size, which has no age component. When the variance of the flowering-threshold distribution is constrained to the observed value, the ESS flowering function contains an age component, but underpredicts the mean flowering size. An analytical approximation is used to explore the effect of variation in the flowering strategy on the ESS predictions. Elasticity analysis is used to partition the age-specific contributions to the finite rate of increase (lambda) of the survival-growth and fecundity components of the model. We calculate the adaptive landscape that defines the ESS and generate a fitness landscape for invading phenotypes in the presence of the observed flowering strategy. The implications of these results for the patterns of genetic diversity in the flowering strategy and for testing evolutionary models are discussed. Results proving the existence of a dominant eigenvalue and its associated eigenvectors in general size- and age-dependent integral projection models are presented.