Individual boldness affects interspecific interactions in sticklebacks
Individual boldness affects interspecific interactions in sticklebacks
复制标题
个体胆量影响刺鱼种间相互作用
DOI：
10.1007/s00265-008-0685-2
复制
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Paul J. B. Hart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Webster;A. Ward;Paul J. B. Hart
在许多物种的种群中，在年龄、体型或性别方面彼此相似的个体在资源利用、冒险和竞争能力等行为上可能存在显著差异。已经有很多的研究，这种变化的影响种内相互作用，但很少调查其影响种间相互作用的捕食者-猎物的背景下。在这项研究中，我们调查了个人水平的行为变化的作用，在确定两个生态相似的鱼类，threespine和ninespine刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus和Pungitius pungitius）之间的相互作用的结果。实验1询问两个物种的个体是否在两种行为的表达上是一致的：在新环境中的活动和攻击猎物的潜伏期。对于每种行为，焦点个体被测定两次，间隔10天。暴露之间的性能呈正相关，这表明个人行为的一致性，至少在这个时间尺度。实验2揭示了不仅在栖息地利用的差异描述了两个物种水平的变化，与ninespines花更多的时间在植被覆盖的地区，但也通过个体差异，更活跃的个人，这两个物种花更多的时间在开放的水域比在植被。实验3表明，当异种对竞争的猎物，大胆的个人消耗更大的份额，无论物种。这些研究结果表明，个人水平的变化可以促进栖息地的使用之间的heterospecific重叠，也决定了资源竞争的结果，当他们见面。我们讨论了如何这可能会有所不同的功能，流行的选择压力和建议的方法来测试我们的预测。
Within populations of many species, individuals that are otherwise similar to one another in age, size or sex can differ markedly in behaviours such as resource use, risk taking and competitive ability. There has been much research into the implications of such variation for intraspecific interactions, yet little investigation into its role in influencing interspecific interactions outside of a predator–prey context. In this study, we investigated the role of individual-level behavioural variation in determining the outcomes of interactions between two ecologically similar fishes, the threespine and ninespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitius pungitius). Experiment 1 asked whether individuals of both species were consistent in their expression of two behaviours: activity in novel surroundings and latency to attack prey. For each behaviour, focal individuals were assayed twice, 10 days apart. Performances were positively correlated between exposures, suggesting behavioural consistency within individuals, at least over this timescale. Experiment 2 revealed not only differences in habitat use described both by species-level variation, with ninespines spending more time in vegetated areas, but also by individual differences, with more active individuals of both species spending more time in open water than in vegetation. Experiment 3 revealed that when heterospecific pairs competed for prey, bolder individuals consumed a greater share, irrespective of species. These findings suggest that individual-level variation can facilitate overlap in habitat use between heterospecifics and also determine the outcomes of resource contests when they meet. We discuss how this might vary between populations as a function of prevailing selection pressures and suggest approaches for testing our predictions.